Handler源码解析
2020-09-09 本文已影响0人
奔跑吧哈哈
Handler是Android提供用于更新ui的一套机制，也是处理消息的机制。Android在设计的时候，封装了一套消息创建，传递，处理机制，如果不遵循这套机制就不能更新ui,会抛出异常信息。
Handler部分代码：
public class Handler {
@UnsupportedAppUsage
final Looper mLooper;
final MessageQueue mQueue;
@UnsupportedAppUsage
final Callback mCallback;
final boolean mAsynchronous;
@UnsupportedAppUsage
IMessenger mMessenger;
public interface Callback {
boolean handleMessage(@NonNull Message msg);
}
public Handler(@Nullable Callback callback, boolean async) {
if (FIND_POTENTIAL_LEAKS) {
final Class<? extends Handler> klass = getClass();
if ((klass.isAnonymousClass() || klass.isMemberClass() || klass.isLocalClass()) &&
(klass.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0) {
Log.w(TAG, "The following Handler class should be static or leaks might occur: " +
klass.getCanonicalName());
}
}
mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
if (mLooper == null) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Can't create handler inside thread " + Thread.currentThread()
+ " that has not called Looper.prepare()");
}
mQueue = mLooper.mQueue;
mCallback = callback;
mAsynchronous = async;
}
}
首先，创建Handler，调用构造函数，调用关键句mLooper = Looper.myLooper()
myLooper方法代码：
public static @Nullable Looper myLooper() {
return sThreadLocal.get();
}
该方法返回一个sThreadLocal对象中保存的Looper。除非已经调用过prepare，否则sThreadLocal.get()会返回null。
Looper中prepare方法代码：
static final ThreadLocal<Looper> sThreadLocal = new ThreadLocal<Looper>();
public static void prepare() {
prepare(true);
}
private static void prepare(boolean quitAllowed) {
if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) {
throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");
}
sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(quitAllowed));
}
调用prepare会创建Looper对象存入sThreadLocal中，并且一个Looper只能调用一次prepare，否则抛出异常：每个线程只能创建一个looper。
Looper构造方法：
private Looper(boolean quitAllowed) {
mQueue = new MessageQueue(quitAllowed);
mThread = Thread.currentThread();
}
创建Looper时，创建了MessageQueue对象并保存，MessageQueue中使用一个单链表来维护消息队列。
public static void loop() {
final Looper me = myLooper();
if (me == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread.");
}
final MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;
// Make sure the identity of this thread is that of the local process,
// and keep track of what that identity token actually is.
Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
// Allow overriding a threshold with a system prop. e.g.
// adb shell 'setprop log.looper.1000.main.slow 1 && stop && start'
final int thresholdOverride =
SystemProperties.getInt("log.looper."
+ Process.myUid() + "."
+ Thread.currentThread().getName()
+ ".slow", 0);
boolean slowDeliveryDetected = false;
for (;;) {
Message msg = queue.next(); // might block
if (msg == null) {
// No message indicates that the message queue is quitting.
return;
}
// This must be in a local variable, in case a UI event sets the logger
final Printer logging = me.mLogging;
if (logging != null) {
logging.println(">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " " +
msg.callback + ": " + msg.what);
}
// Make sure the observer won't change while processing a transaction.
final Observer observer = sObserver;
final long traceTag = me.mTraceTag;
long slowDispatchThresholdMs = me.mSlowDispatchThresholdMs;
long slowDeliveryThresholdMs = me.mSlowDeliveryThresholdMs;
if (thresholdOverride > 0) {
slowDispatchThresholdMs = thresholdOverride;
slowDeliveryThresholdMs = thresholdOverride;
}
final boolean logSlowDelivery = (slowDeliveryThresholdMs > 0) && (msg.when > 0);
final boolean logSlowDispatch = (slowDispatchThresholdMs > 0);
final boolean needStartTime = logSlowDelivery || logSlowDispatch;
final boolean needEndTime = logSlowDispatch;
if (traceTag != 0 && Trace.isTagEnabled(traceTag)) {
Trace.traceBegin(traceTag, msg.target.getTraceName(msg));
}
final long dispatchStart = needStartTime ? SystemClock.uptimeMillis() : 0;
final long dispatchEnd;
Object token = null;
if (observer != null) {
token = observer.messageDispatchStarting();
}
long origWorkSource = ThreadLocalWorkSource.setUid(msg.workSourceUid);
try {
msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);
if (observer != null) {
observer.messageDispatched(token, msg);
}
dispatchEnd = needEndTime ? SystemClock.uptimeMillis() : 0;
} catch (Exception exception) {
if (observer != null) {
observer.dispatchingThrewException(token, msg, exception);
}
throw exception;
} finally {
ThreadLocalWorkSource.restore(origWorkSource);
if (traceTag != 0) {
Trace.traceEnd(traceTag);
}
}
if (logSlowDelivery) {
if (slowDeliveryDetected) {
if ((dispatchStart - msg.when) <= 10) {
Slog.w(TAG, "Drained");
slowDeliveryDetected = false;
}
} else {
if (showSlowLog(slowDeliveryThresholdMs, msg.when, dispatchStart, "delivery",
msg)) {
// Once we write a slow delivery log, suppress until the queue drains.
slowDeliveryDetected = true;
}
}
}
msg.recycleUnchecked();
}
}
可将长长的Looper.loop()方法理解成一个不断检测messageQueue是否有数据，若有即取出并执行回调的死循环。如果取到null就说明消息队列已经退出或被释放，此时loop终止。
接下来，就需要handler对象来发送消息message了，Message类部分代码：
public final class Message implements Parcelable {
public int what;
public int arg1;
public int arg2;
public Object obj;
Bundle data;
Handler target;
Message next;
public static Message obtain() {
synchronized (sPoolSync) {
if (sPool != null) {
Message m = sPool;
sPool = m.next;
m.next = null;
m.flags = 0; // clear in-use flag
sPoolSize--;
return m;
}
}
return new Message();
}
}
当我们调用Message.obtain()时，获取一个Message对象。Message对象使用完毕后，调用recycle()方法将其回收。
handler发送消息：
public final boolean sendMessage(@NonNull Message msg) {
return sendMessageDelayed(msg, 0);
}
public final boolean sendMessageDelayed(@NonNull Message msg, long delayMillis) {
if (delayMillis < 0) {
delayMillis = 0;
}
return sendMessageAtTime(msg, SystemClock.uptimeMillis() + delayMillis);
}
private boolean enqueueMessage(@NonNull MessageQueue queue, @NonNull Message msg,
long uptimeMillis) {
msg.target = this;
msg.workSourceUid = ThreadLocalWorkSource.getUid();
if (mAsynchronous) {
msg.setAsynchronous(true);
}
return queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis);
}
最终，sendMessage会调用queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis)将msg对象保存至messageQueue中。
到这再回到Looper的loop方法中：
Message msg = queue.next()；
if (msg == null) {
// No message indicates that the message queue is quitting.
return;
}
msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg)，
当从队列读取消息不为空时，就会将该msg通过msg.target.dispatchMessage回调，而msg.target正是发送该调消息的handler对象。
进入到Handler的dispatchMessage处理消息回调方法：
public void dispatchMessage(@NonNull Message msg) {
if (msg.callback != null) {
handleCallback(msg);
} else {
if (mCallback != null) {
if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) {
return;
}
}
handleMessage(msg);
}
}
handler会将读取到的消息通过handleMessage回调进行处理。
关系图表示：
关于Handler的问题总结：
1、首先Looper.prepare()在本线程中保存一个Looper实例，然后该实例中保存一个MessageQueue对象；因为Looper.prepare()在一个线程中只能调用一次，所以MessageQueue在一个线程中只会存在一个。
2、Looper.loop()会让当前线程进入一个无限循环，不端从MessageQueue的实例中读取消息，然后回调msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg)方法。
3、Handler的构造方法，会首先得到当前线程中保存的Looper实例，进而与Looper实例中的MessageQueue想关联。
4、Handler的sendMessage方法，会给msg的target赋值为handler自身，然后加入MessageQueue中。
5、在Activity中，我们并没有显示的调用Looper.prepare()和Looper.loop()方法，为啥Handler可以成功创建呢，这是因为在Activity的启动代码中，已经在当前UI线程调用了Looper.prepare()和Looper.loop()方法。
