Day 8 the myth of cyber-security

Words & phares

* takeover n.1.收购；接收；接管 2.（对国家、地区、政治组织等的）强行接管，控制  eg：From Germany to Indonesia rules on takeovers, antitrust and data are tightening.

* launch/make/accept/defeat a takeover bid 发起/进行/接受/阻止收购投标

* telecoms n.[plural]电信；电讯 *telecoms company/technology/industry 电信公司/技术/业

eg： For many industrial, manufacturing, financial, natural-resources, media and telecoms companies, global reach has become a burden, not an advantage.

* derail [di’reil] v.

     1.To derail something such as a plan or a series of negotiations means to prevent it from continuing as planned.阻挠；使离开正常进程 *The present wave of political killings is the work of people trying to derail peace talks. 当前的这一系列政治谋杀乃是那些想阻挠和平谈判的人所为。

      2. If a train is derailed or if it derails, it comes off the track on which it is running. (使)(火车)出轨；(使)脱轨 *Several people were injured today when a train was derailed.今天有数人在一列火车出轨时受了伤。

* breach [bri:tʃ] n.[C,U] [复习]

      1.突破口；缺口；窟窿

      2.违反，破坏（条约、法律或承诺）*a breach of contract/copyright/warranty 违约；侵犯版权；违反保证 *a breach of confidence/trust 泄密；背信

      3.（关系）中断，终止

* breach v.~sth 1.违背；违反 2.在...上打开缺口

* data breach 数据泄露

* headline [‘hedlain]

    1. [C] （报纸的）大字标题 *The scandal was in the headlines for several days. 这一丑闻连续几天都刊登在头版头条。 *headline news 头条新闻

     2. the headlines [pl.] （电视或无线电广播的）新闻摘要

* grab / hit / make the headlines to be an important item of news in newspapers or on the radio or television 成为重要新闻

* a black market n. [usually singular] an illegal form of trade in which foreign money, or goods that are difficult to obtain, are bought and sold黑市（交易）*to buy or sell goods on the black market 从事黑市买卖 *a flourishing black market in foreign currency 猖獗的外币黑市交易

* MRI scanners magnetic resonance imaging *an MRI scan 磁共振成像扫描

* prosthetics [prɔs’θetiks] n.1.[plural] 假体（人造的身体部份）；义肢 2.[U]假体制作/安装；义肢制作/安装

* insulin pumps 胰岛素泵

* insulin [‘insjulin] n.[U] 胰岛素

* counterpart ['kauntə,pɑ:t] n.[C]职位（或作用）相当的人；对应的事物 =opposite number *The Foreign Minister held talks with his Chinese counterpart. 外交部长与中国外交部长举行了会谈。 *The women's shoe, like its male counterpart, is specifically designed for the serious tennis player. 像同类的男式鞋一样，这种女式鞋是专为认真地从事网球运动的人设计的。

* remote control n.

     1. [U] 遥控 *It works by remote control.它通过遥控工作。 *a remote-control camera 遥控摄像机       2.[C]遥控器 *I can't find the remote control. 我找不到遥控器。

* remote-controlled adj.（受）遥控的 *remote-controlled equipment 可遥控的设备

* take remote control of sth 远程控制某物

* pacemaker ['peis,meikə] n.

      1. 心脏起搏器； 心律调整器

      2. 领跑人；领跑动物 *The big banks have been the pacesetters in developing the system. 大银行历来是发展这一体系的先驱。 =pacesetter（美）

      3. （竞赛中的）领先者，领先队伍 *The local club are now only six point off the pacemakers. 当地俱乐部与领先者只差一分。 =pacesetter（美）

* tempting adj. used for describing something that makes you feel you would like to have it or to do it 诱人的；吸引人的  *It was an tempting offer.这是个诱人的提议。 *The cakes looks very tempting.那蛋糕的样子让人嘴馋。[经济学人3.25.Amason’s empire]...that makes predatory pricing more tempting.这让掠夺性定价愈发具有诱惑力

* yet another/more | yet again （强调次数或数量的增加）* snow, snow, and yet more snow 雪啊雪，没完没了的雪*Prices were cut yet again. 价格再一次降低。*She made yet another excuse. 她又找了个借口。 *yet another diet book又一本关于节食的书

* wizardry [‘wizədri] n.[U] a very impressive and clever achievement; great skill 杰出的成就；非凡的才能 *electronic wizardry 电子方面的非凡才能 *The second goal was sheer wizardry. 第二记入球真是神奇。

* heighten [‘haitən] v.（使）加强，提高，增加=intensify

* vigilance  [‘vidʒiləns] n.[U]more careful attention, especially in order to notice possible danger 1.警戒；警惕性 2.敏感，灵敏 3.失眠症；警醒症=watchfulness

* vigilant [‘vidʒilənt] adj. (formal) very careful to notice any signs of danger or trouble 警觉的；警惕的；警戒的；谨慎=alert,watchful *A pilot must remain vigilant at all times. 飞行员必须随时保持警惕。

* stripe [straɪp]  n.

       1.(especially NAmE) a type, category or opinion 种类；类型；观点

        *politicians of every stripe 形形色色的政界人士

        *commentators of all political stripes 持各种政治观点的评论员

        *She's an educator of a very different stripe. 她完全是另外一种类型的教育家。

       2. 条纹；线条 *a zebra's black and white stripes 斑马的黑白条纹

       3.（军装或警服上表示等级的）条，杠

* the Stars and Stripes n.[singular]星条旗（美国国旗）

* whereby adv.by which; because of which 凭此；藉以；由于 *They have introduced a new system whereby all employees must undergo regular training. 他们采用了新的制度，所有的雇员都必须接受正规的培训。

* take (full) advantage of sb/sth 1.（充分）利用/享用 2.欺骗；占...便宜

扩展：“充分利用”的多样表达

* put sth to good use 有效使用/利用 *She’ll be able to put her languages to good use in her new job.她在新工作中应该可以好好运动她会的各种语言。
* make use of sth/sb 使用；利用（以谋私利）
* make the most of sth/sb/oneself 充分利用；尽情享受 *It’s my first trip abroad so I’m going to make the most of it.这是我第一次出国，我要充分利用这个机会。
* optimise v.充分利用；使优化 *optimize the use or resources 充分利用资源

* illicit [i’lisit] adj.1.非法的；违法的=illegal 2.违背社会常规的；不正当的 *an illicit love affair

* compound v.1.使加重；使恶化 2. be compounded of/from sth 由…构成（或形成） 3.混合；掺和；拌和 4.支付，收取（复利） [经济学人1.28. Ending the shame] So families often have to shoulder an even greater burden, with financial woes compounding a lack of medical or emotional support.

* afterthought ['ɑ:ftəθɔ:t] n.1.事后的思考(或想法)，回想，反省2.事后聪明，马后炮；事后再想起 3.后来想到的事情；后来添加的东西

* a counsel of despair  (formal) advice not to try to do sth because it is too difficult 知难而退的建议

* a counsel of perfection (formal) advice that is good but that is difficult or impossible to follow听上去完美却难以实行的建议

* refrain v.克制；节制；避免 ~from sth  

* encryption [in’kripʃən] n.1.编密码，译成密码；加密（把情报信息译成密码或代码）

* encrypt v.把…加密(或编码)

* guard v.

     1.If you guard a place, person, or object, you stand near them in order to watch and protect them.守卫；护卫；警卫 *Gunmen guarded homes near the cemetery with shotguns.持枪者手持猎枪守卫着墓地附近的房子。

      2.If you guard someone, you watch them and keep them in a particular place to stop them from escaping. 看守；监视 *He is being guarded by a platoon of police. 有一队警察看守着他。

* hamper [ˈhæmpə(r)] If someone or something hampers you, they make it difficult for you to do what you are trying to do. 妨碍；阻碍；牵制；束缚 *The bad weather hampered rescue operations. 恶劣的天气阻碍了救援工作的进行。*I was hampered by a lack of information.我受到了信息不足的牵累。

* gizmo [‘ɡizməu] n.[plural gizmos,gismos]小玩意儿；小装置

eg：Gizmosthat exploit superposition and entanglement can vastly outperform existing ones—and accomplish things once thought to be impossible.利用叠加和纠缠的小装置性能大大优于现有的设备，还能完成之前被认为不可能的事。

* default [di’fɔ:lt] adj./n.[U] 默认（的）

* botnet n. a group of computers that are controlled by malware (= software such as a virus that the users do not know about or want)（计算机）僵尸网络（指受恶意软件控制的计算机群）

* infect [in’fekt] v.

       1. to make a computer virus spread to another computer or program 传染，使感染（计算机病毒）

      2. to make a disease or an illness spread to a person, an animal or a plant 传染；使感染 *people infected with HIV 染上艾滋病病毒的人

      3. [usually passive] to make a substance contain harmful bacteria that can spread disease 使携带病菌 =contaminate *eggs infected with salmonella 带沙门氏菌的鸡蛋

      4. to make sb share a particular feeling 使感染（某种感情）；影响 *She infected the children with her enthusiasm for music. 她对音乐的热爱感染了孩子们。

* malware  [ˈmælweə(r)] n. [U]恶意软件（指电脑病毒等）（该词由 malicious 与 software 结合而成。）

* disclaim [dis’kleim] v.

      1. to state publicly that you have no knowledge of sth, or that you are not responsible for sth 否认；拒绝承认=deny *She disclaimed any knowledge of her husband's whereabouts. 她否认知道丈夫的下落。    

       2. to give up your right to sth, such as property or a title 放弃（财产、头衔等的权利）=renounce

* rein n.1.缰绳 2. reins（幼儿佩戴以防走失的）保护带 3.the reins 控制；主宰；掌管   *It was time to hand over the reins of power. 是该让权的时候了。*The vice-president was forced to take up the reins of office. 副总统被迫走马上任。

* give/allow sb/sth free/full rein (to sth)  对…不加约束；放任自由；充分表达（感情）*The designer was given free rein. 设计者可以自由发挥。*The script allows full rein to her larger-than-life acting style. 剧本允许她充分展现她那夸张的表演风格。

* keep a tight rein on sb/sth to control sb/sth carefully or strictly 对…严加控制（或约束）；牢牢驾驭

* rein v. rein sth/sb back；rein sth in 1.严格控制；加强管理=check 2.用缰绳勒马

* put out

     1.to produce sth, especially for sale 生产；制造 *The factory puts out 500 new cars a week. 这家工厂每周生产 500 辆新汽车。

      2.to take sth out of your house and leave it, for example for sb to collect 将…扔到外面；清理掉；扔掉 *(BrE) to put the rubbish out 倒垃圾 *(NAmE) to put the garbage/trash out 倒垃圾

      3.to place sth where it will be noticed and used把…摆好；预备好（物品）*Have you put out clean towels for the guests? 你为客人预备好干净毛巾没有？

      4.to stop sth from burning or shining 熄灭；扑灭 *to put out a candle/cigarette/light 熄灭蜡烛╱香烟╱灯火 *Firefighters soon put the fire out. 消防人员很快把火扑灭了。

* moot [mu:t] adj.unlikely to happen and therefore not worth considering （因不大可能发生而）无考虑意义的 *He argued that the issue had become moot since the board had changed its policy. 他争辩说这项议题已变得毫无实际意义，因为董事会已经改变了政策。

* disclaimer [dis’kleimə] n.[C]1.免责声明 2.弃权声明（书）

* draw comparisons to 将…与...相比  *You can draw comparisons with the situation in Ireland (= say how the two situations are similar). 这种情形可与爱尔兰的相比。

* excoriate [ek'skɔ:rieit]

     1. (formal) to criticize sb / sth severely 严厉指责；痛斥        

      2. (medical 医) to irritate a person's skin so that it starts to come off 擦破，擦伤，剥落（皮肤）

* lax

      1. (disapproving) not strict, severe or careful enough about work, rules or standards of behaviour 不严格的；不严厉的；马虎的=slack,careless *lax security / discipline 不严格的保安措施 / 纪律 *a lax attitude to health and safety regulations 对卫生与安全条例的马虎态度

       2. produced with the muscles of the speech organs relaxed（语音）松的；松嗓的<->tense

* come down criticize or reprimand harshly 猛烈批评 *The critics came down hard on the new play.

* clamour  [sing., U] (formal) [ˈklæm.ər]

      1. ~ (for sth) a demand for sth made by a lot of people 民众的要求 *The clamour for her resignation grew louder. 民众要求她辞职的呼声越来越高。

       2. a loud noise especially one that is made by a lot of people or animals 喧闹声；嘈杂声；吵闹 *the clamour of the market 市场上鼎沸的人声

* “无人驾驶汽车”的多样表达：autonomous cars =driverless vehicles=driverless cars = self-driving cars

* premium [‘pri:miəm] n.[C]1.保险费 2.额外费用；附加费[复习]

* prod [prɔd] v.1.催促；督促；鼓励 prod sb (into sth/doing sth) 2.戳；杵；捅

* recourse n.[U] the fact of having to, or being able to, use sth that can provide help in a difficult situation 依靠；依赖；求助 *She made a complete recovery without recourse to surgery.她未做手术就完全恢复了健康。 *The government, when necessary, has recourse to the armed forces.政府在必要时可以动员军队。

* payout ['pei,aut] n.[C]a large amount of money that is given to sb 付出的巨款 *an insurance payout 巨额保险偿付 *a lottery payout 彩票大额奖金

* precedent n.

       1.传统；常规；常例=tradition *to break with precedent 打破常规    

       2.[C,U]实例；范例 *The trial could set an important precedent for dealing with large numbers of similar cases... 这次审判能为处理大量类似案例开创重要的先例。        

       3.先例；前例 *historical precedents 历史前例 *Such protests are without precedent in recent history.这类抗议事件在近代史上没有发生过。