【韦小绿笔记4】PAC
Merriam-Webster's Vocabulary Builder 词根笔记（4）PAC
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1.每篇文章介绍一个词根及四个含有词根的单词
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PAC is related to the Latin words for "agree" and "peace." The Pacific Ocean—that is, the "Peaceful Ocean"—was named by Ferdinand Magellan（斐迪南·麦哲伦） because it seemed so calm after he had sailed through the storms near Cape Horn（合恩角）.(Magellan obviously had never witnessed a Pacific typhoon（太平洋的台风））.
PAC与拉丁词“同意”和“和平”有关。 The Pacific Ocean（太平洋）——也就是 “平静的海洋” ——由费迪南·麦哲伦命名，因为在他航行穿过合恩角附近的风暴之后，太平洋显得如此平静（麦哲伦显然没有目睹过太平洋的台风）。
1.pacify/ˈpæsəfaɪ, ˈpæsɪfaɪ/
(1) To soothe anger or agitation（焦躁，烦恼）.安抚；抚慰；使平静(2) To subdue（制服；征服；抑制；压制） by armed action.平定；平息；镇压
It took the police hours to pacify the angry demonstrators（示威者）.警察花了几小时才平息了愤怒的示威者。
Someone stirred up by a strong emotion can usually be pacified by some kind words and the removal（消除；去除） of its causes. Unhappy babies are often given a rubber pacifier（安抚奶嘴） for sucking to make them stop crying. During the Vietnam War, pacification（平定） of an area meant using armed force to drive out the enemy, which might be followed by bringing the local people over to our side by building schools and providing social services. But an army can often bring "peace" by pure force, without soothing anyone's emotions.
2.pacifist/ˈpæsəfəst, ˈpæsɪfəst/
A person opposed to war or violence, especially someone who refuses to bear arms or to fight, on moral or religious grounds（理由）.和平主义者；反战主义者
Her grandfather had fought in the Marines（海军陆战队） in World War Il, but in his later years he had become almost a pacifist, opposing every war for one reason or another.她的祖父曾在二战时在海军陆战队里作战，但他祖父的晚年却成了一个反战主义者，总会找出理由反对每一个战争。
The Quakers and the Jehovah's Witnesses（贵格会与耶和华见证会） are pacifist religious groups, and Henry David Thoreau（亨利·戴维·梭罗） and Martin Luther King（马丁·路德·金） are probably the most famous American pacifists. Like these groups and individuals, pacifists haven't always met with sympathy or understanding. Refusing to fight ever, for any reason, calls for strong faith in one's own moral or religious convictions（坚定的信念或主张）, since pacifism during wartime has often gotten people persecuted and even thrown in prison.
3.pact/pækt/
An agreement between two or more people or groups; a treaty（条约） or formal agreement between nations to deal with a problem or to resolve a dispute（解决争端）.协定；契约；盟约；条约
The girls made a pact never to reveal what had happened on that terrifying night in the abandoned house.女孩们达成协定，永远不透露在那个恐怖的晚上废弃的的房子里发生的事情。
Pact has "peace" at its root because a pact often ends a period of unfriendly relations. The word is generally used in the field of international relations, where diplomats may speak of an "arms pact," a "trade pact," or a"fishing-rights pact." But it may also be used for any solemn (庄严的，郑重的) agreement or promise between two people; after all, whenever two parties shake hands on a deal,they're not about to go to war with each other.
4.pace/'pɑːtʃeɪ, 'peɪsi/
Contrary to the opinion of.与...的意见相反
She had only three husbands, pace some Hollywood historians who claim she had as many as six.她只有过三个丈夫，和一些好莱坞历史学家说的六个不符。
This word looks like another that is much more familiar, but notice how it's pronounced. It is used only by intellectuals, and often printed in italics（斜体） so that the reader doesn't mistake it for the other word. Writers use it when correcting an opinion that many people believe; for example,"The costs of the program, pace some commentators, will not be significant." So what does pace have to do with peace? Because it says "Peace to them (that is, to the people I'm mentioning)—l don't want to start an argument; I just want to correct the facts."
