Android面试指南:在哪些情况下是可以在子线程中更新UI的
2023-05-07 本文已影响0人
像程序那样去思考
关于这个问题在面试的时候可能会被问到,其实在某些情况下是可以在子线程中更新UI的!
比如:在一个activity的xml文件中中随便写一个TextView文本控件,然后在Activity的onCreate方法中开启一个子线程并在该子线程的run方法中更新TextView文本控件,你会发现根本没有任何问题。
private TextView textView;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.threadcrashui_act);
textView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView);
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
// 更新TextView文本内容
textView.setText("update TextView");
}
}).start();
}
5935799a621f34c621177ed25036e893.jpg
但是如果你让子线程休眠2秒钟如下面代码:
private TextView textView;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.threadcrashui_act);
textView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView);
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
//更新TextView文本内容
textView.setText("update TextView");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}).start();
}
8fcda7657e437b3b8597ba5e430d3047.jpg
程序直接挂掉了,好吧,我们先去看看log日志,如图提示
android.view.ViewRootImpl$CalledFromWrongThreadException: Only the original thread that created a view hierarchy can touch its views.
程序不允许在非UI线程中更新UI线程
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对于这个问题,可能大家都跟我一样有点疑惑对吧?我当时也很疑惑,不明白为啥是这样!!!然后我去翻资料查找原因,最终定位到setText这个方法
/**
* Sets the string value of the TextView. TextView <em>does not</em> accept
* HTML-like formatting, which you can do with text strings in XML resource files.
* To style your strings, attach android.text.style.* objects to a
* {@link android.text.SpannableString SpannableString}, or see the
* <a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/resources/available-resources.html#stringresources">
* Available Resource Types</a> documentation for an example of setting
* formatted text in the XML resource file.
*
* @attr ref android.R.styleable#TextView_text
*/
@android.view.RemotableViewMethod
public final void setText(CharSequence text) {
setText(text, mBufferType);
}
紧接着看setText方法
/**
* Sets the text that this TextView is to display (see
* {@link #setText(CharSequence)}) and also sets whether it is stored
* in a styleable/spannable buffer and whether it is editable.
*
* @attr ref android.R.styleable#TextView_text
* @attr ref android.R.styleable#TextView_bufferType
*/
public void setText(CharSequence text, BufferType type) {
setText(text, type, true, 0);
if (mCharWrapper != null) {
mCharWrapper.mChars = null;
}
}
再进setText方法
private void setText(CharSequence text, BufferType type,
boolean notifyBefore, int oldlen) {
//前边的都省略掉 .......
if (mLayout != null) {
//这个方法的作用就是让界面重新绘制下
checkForRelayout();
}
//后边的也直接省略掉
然后我们看下checkForRelayout方法,在这里大家会看到一个invalidate的方法,因为我们知道所有的view更新操作都会调用view的invalidate方法!那么问题就在这里了
/**
* Check whether entirely new text requires a new view layout
* or merely a new text layout.
*/
private void checkForRelayout() {
//注意看这里
invalidate();
} else {
//注意看这里
invalidate();
}
}
然后我们进invalidate方法中查找原因
/**
* Invalidate the whole view. If the view is visible,
* {@link #onDraw(android.graphics.Canvas)} will be called at some point in
* the future.
* <p>
* This must be called from a UI thread. To call from a non-UI thread, call
* {@link #postInvalidate()}.
*/
public void invalidate() {
invalidate(true);
}
好 那么我们就看下invalidate(true)方法看看到底是哪的问题
* This is where the invalidate() work actually happens. A full invalidate()
* causes the drawing cache to be invalidated, but this function can be
* called with invalidateCache set to false to skip that invalidation step
* for cases that do not need it (for example, a component that remains at
* the same dimensions with the same content)
.
*
* @param invalidateCache Whether the drawing cache for this view should be
* invalidated as well. This is usually true for a full
* invalidate, but may be set to false if the View's contents or
* dimensions have not changed.
*/
void invalidate(boolean invalidateCache)
{
//可能不同版本的api源码不太一样,这里直接看invalidateInternal方法。
invalidateInternal(0, 0, mRight - mLeft, mBottom - mTop, invalidateCache, true);
}
void invalidateInternal(int l, int t, int r, int b, boolean invalidateCache,boolean fullInvalidate) {
//我们关心的是这里 ViewParent,这个ViewPrent是一个接口,而ViewGroup与ViewRootImpl实现了它,有耐心的朋友可以在View这个类中去查找mPrent相关的一些信息,如果细心的朋友在ViewGroup类中会找到ViewRootImpl这个类在它里边的一些操作如setDragFocus等等。
final ViewParent p = mParent;
if (p != null && ai != null && l < r && t < b) {
final Rect damage = ai.mTmpInvalRect;
damage.set(l, t, r, b);
//程序在这里检查是不是在UI线程中做操作
p.invalidateChild(this, damage);
}
}
}
这个ViewRootImpl我们可能在Eclipse或者Android Studio中我们无法查看,大家可以使用Source Insight 去查看源码:打开Source Insight 打开ViewRootImpl类,找到 invalidateChild这个方法
public void invalidateChild(View child, Rect dirty) {
//关键的地方就是这个方法
checkThread();
//后边的全部省略
}
void checkThread() {
//在这里mThread表示的是主线程,程序作了判断,检查当前线程是不是主线程,如果不是就会抛出异常
if (mThread != Thread.currentThread()) {
throw new CalledFromWrongThreadException(
"Only the original thread that created a view hierarchy can touch its views.");
}
}
看到上边方法中抛出的异常是不是感觉很熟悉,对,没错,就是我log中截出来的那句话!!那么我们现在懵逼了,为什么我们在不让子线程休眠的情况下去更新TextView文本可以,而让线程休眠两秒后就出抛异常呢?根本原因就是ViewRootImpl到底是在哪里被初始化的!ViewRootImpl是在onResume中初始化的,而我们开启的子线程是在onCreat方法中,这个时候程序没有去检测当前线程是不是主线程,所以没有抛异常!!下边我们去看ActivityThread源码,去找出原因!!
final void handleResumeActivity(IBinder token, boolean clearHide, boolean isForward) {
if (r.window == null && !a.mFinished && willBeVisible) {
r.window = r.activity.getWindow();
View decor = r.window.getDecorView();
decor.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);
//ViewPrent实现类
ViewManager wm = a.getWindowManager();
WindowManager.LayoutParams l = r.window.getAttributes();
a.mDecor = decor;
l.type = WindowManager.LayoutParams.TYPE_BASE_APPLICATION;
l.softInputMode |= forwardBit;
if (a.mVisibleFromClient) {
a.mWindowAdded = true;
//问题的根源在这里,addView方法在这里对ViewRootImpl进行初始化,大家可以去看看ViewGroup的源码,找里边的addView方法,你会发现,最后又回到View的invalidate(true)方法;
wm.addView(decor, l);
}
}
}