6. SpringMVC异常处理及拦截器
2019-10-29 本文已影响0人
飞扬code
spring异常处理
image.png实现步骤
准备
image.png image.pngimage.png image.png
pom.xml
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
<spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
springMVC.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!-- 开启注解扫描 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.neuedu"/>
<!-- 视图解析器对象 -->
<bean id="internalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/pages/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
<!--前端控制器,哪些静态资源不拦截-->
<mvc:resources location="/css/" mapping="/css/**"/>
<mvc:resources location="/images/" mapping="/images/**"/>
<mvc:resources location="/js/" mapping="/js/**"/>
<!-- 开启SpringMVC框架注解的支持 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven />
</beans>
web.xml
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springMVC.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!--配置解决中文乱码的过滤器-->
<filter>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
index.jsp
<h3>异常处理</h3>
<a href="user/testException" >异常处理</a>
UserController
package com.neuedu.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
@RequestMapping("/testException")
public String testException(){
System.out.println("testException执行了...");
return "success";
}
}
编写异常类和错误页面
image.pngSysException
package com.neuedu.exception;
public class SysException extends Exception {
// 存储提示信息的
private String message;
public String getMessage() {
return message;
}
public void setMessage(String message) {
this.message = message;
}
public SysException(String message) {
this.message = message;
}
}
error.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" isELIgnored="false" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
${errorMsg}
</body>
</html>
自定义异常处理器
image.pngpackage com.neuedu.exception;
import com.neuedu.exception.SysException;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExceptionResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**
* 异常处理器
*/
public class SysExceptionResolver implements HandlerExceptionResolver {
/**
* 处理异常业务逻辑
* @param request
* @param response
* @param handler
* @param ex
* @return
*/
@Override
public ModelAndView resolveException(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) {
// 获取到异常对象
SysException e = null;
if(ex instanceof SysException){
e = (SysException)ex;
}else{
e = new SysException("系统正在维护....");
}
// 创建ModelAndView对象
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
mv.addObject("errorMsg",e.getMessage());
mv.setViewName("error");
return mv;
}
}
配置异常处理器
springMVC.xml
<!--配置异常处理器-->
<bean id="sysExceptionResolver" class="com.neuedu.exception.SysExceptionResolver"/>
运行结果
image.png image.pngspring拦截器
- SpringMVC框架中的拦截器用于对处理器进行预处理和后处理的技术。
- 可以定义拦截器链,连接器链就是将拦截器按着一定的顺序结成一条链,在访问被拦截的方法时,拦截器链
中的拦截器会按着定义的顺序执行。 - 拦截器和过滤器的功能比较类似,有区别
- 过滤器是Servlet规范的一部分,任何框架都可以使用过滤器技术。
- 拦截器是SpringMVC框架独有的。
- 过滤器配置了/*,可以拦截任何资源。
- 拦截器只会对控制器中的方法进行拦截。
- 拦截器也是AOP思想的一种实现方式
- 想要自定义拦截器,需要实现HandlerInterceptor接口。
准备
image.png image.png image.pngUserController
package com.neuedu.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
@RequestMapping("/testInterceptor")
public String testInterceptor(){
System.out.println("testInterceptor执行了...");
return "success";
}
}
index.jsp
<h3>拦截器</h3>
<a href="user/testInterceptor" >拦截器</a>
自定义拦截器的步骤
1、编写一个普通类实现 HandlerInterceptor 接口
image.pngCtrl+o 实现方法
image.png
- preHandle方法是controller方法执行前拦截的方法
- 可以使用request或者response跳转到指定的页面
- return true放行,执行下一个拦截器,如果没有拦截器,执行controller中的方法。
- return false不放行,不会执行controller中的方法。
- postHandle是controller方法执行后执行的方法,在JSP视图执行前。
- 可以使用request或者response跳转到指定的页面
- 如果指定了跳转的页面,那么controller方法跳转的页面将不会显示。
- postHandle方法是在JSP执行后执行
- request或者response不能再跳转页面了
package com.neuedu.interceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**
* 自定义拦截器
*/
public class MyInterceptor1 implements HandlerInterceptor {
/**
* 预处理,controller方法执行前
* return true 放行,执行下一个拦截器,如果没有,执行controller中的方法
* return false不放行
* @param request
* @param response
* @param handler
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
System.out.println("MyInterceptor1执行了...");
return true;
}
}
2、配置拦截器
<!--配置拦截器-->
<mvc:interceptors>
<!--配置拦截器-->
<mvc:interceptor>
<!--要拦截的具体的方法-->
<mvc:mapping path="/user/*"/>
<!--不要拦截的方法
<mvc:exclude-mapping path=""/>
-->
<!--配置拦截器对象-->
<bean class="com.neuedu.interceptor.MyInterceptor1" />
</mvc:interceptor>
</mvc:interceptors>
3、测试运行结果
success.jsp
<h3>执行成功</h3>
<% System.out.println("success.jsp执行了..."); %>
image.png
image.png
image.png
不放行跳转error.jsp
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
System.out.println("MyInterceptor1执行了...");
request.getRequestDispatcher("/pages/error.jsp").forward(request,response);
return false;
}
image.png
其他方法
/**
* 后处理方法,controller方法执行后,success.jsp执行之前
* @param request
* @param response
* @param handler
* @param modelAndView
* @throws Exception
*/
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
System.out.println("MyInterceptor1执行了...后1111");
// request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/pages/error.jsp").forward(request,response);
}
/**
* success.jsp页面执行后,该方法会执行
* @param request
* @param response
* @param handler
* @param ex
* @throws Exception
*/
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
System.out.println("MyInterceptor1执行了...最后1111");
}
多拦截器
拦截器1
package com.neuedu.interceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**
* 自定义拦截器
*/
public class MyInterceptor1 implements HandlerInterceptor {
/**
* 预处理,controller方法执行前
* return true 放行,执行下一个拦截器,如果没有,执行controller中的方法
* return false不放行
* @param request
* @param response
* @param handler
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
System.out.println("MyInterceptor1执行了...前1111");
// request.getRequestDispatcher("/pages/error.jsp").forward(request,response);
return true;
}
/**
* 后处理方法,controller方法执行后,success.jsp执行之前
* @param request
* @param response
* @param handler
* @param modelAndView
* @throws Exception
*/
@Override
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
System.out.println("MyInterceptor1执行了...后1111");
// request.getRequestDispatcher("/pages/error.jsp").forward(request,response);
}
/**
* success.jsp页面执行后,该方法会执行
* @param request
* @param response
* @param handler
* @param ex
* @throws Exception
*/
@Override
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
System.out.println("MyInterceptor1执行了...最后1111");
}
}
拦截器2
package com.neuedu.interceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class MyInterceptor2 implements HandlerInterceptor {
/**
* 预处理,controller方法执行前
* return true 放行,执行下一个拦截器,如果没有,执行controller中的方法
* return false不放行
* @param request
* @param response
* @param handler
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
System.out.println("MyInterceptor1执行了...前2222");
// request.getRequestDispatcher("/pages/error.jsp").forward(request,response);
return true;
}
/**
* 后处理方法,controller方法执行后,success.jsp执行之前
* @param request
* @param response
* @param handler
* @param modelAndView
* @throws Exception
*/
@Override
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
System.out.println("MyInterceptor1执行了...后2222");
// request.getRequestDispatcher("/pages/error.jsp").forward(request,response);
}
/**
* success.jsp页面执行后,该方法会执行
* @param request
* @param response
* @param handler
* @param ex
* @throws Exception
*/
@Override
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
System.out.println("MyInterceptor1执行了...最后2222");
}
}
<!--配置拦截器-->
<mvc:interceptors>
<!--配置拦截器-->
<mvc:interceptor>
<!--要拦截的具体的方法-->
<mvc:mapping path="/user/*"/>
<!--不要拦截的方法
<mvc:exclude-mapping path=""/>
-->
<!--配置拦截器对象-->
<bean class="com.neuedu.interceptor.MyInterceptor1" />
</mvc:interceptor>
<!--配置第二个拦截器-->
<mvc:interceptor>
<!--要拦截的具体的方法-->
<mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
<!--不要拦截的方法
<mvc:exclude-mapping path=""/>
-->
<!--配置拦截器对象-->
<bean class="com.neuedu.interceptor.MyInterceptor2" />
</mvc:interceptor>
</mvc:interceptors>
image.png