当前版本：mysql8.0

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一共分为三步

 1.建库、建表
 2.新建自动创建分区的存储过程和新建定时调用分区存储过程的事件
 3.测试：新建自动插入数据的存储过程和事件

需要关注的.

1.一定要在建表的之后创建分区，如果不这个时候创建，后期存储过程中创建会失败，mysql会有提示！
2.DATE_FORMAT(TARGET_DATE, 'p%Y%m%d%h%m')得到的数字不是年月日小时分，而是年月日小时月，应该使用 DATE_FORMAT(TARGET_DATE, 'p%Y%m%d%h%m%i')
3.执行顺序要按三步顺序执行

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一、建库、建表

create database if not exists test;
use test;

drop table if exists t_auto_insert_day;
create table if not exists test.t_auto_insert_day
(
    id        int auto_increment not null,
    column_2  varchar(20)        null,
    dc_time   datetime           null,
    data_time bigint             not null comment '数据时间,数据分区字段yyyymmdd',
    primary key (id, data_time)
) partition by range ( data_time ) (
    partition p20190912 values less than (20190912)
    );

drop table if exists t_auto_insert_hour;
create table if not exists test.t_auto_insert_hour
(
    id        int auto_increment not null,
    column_2  varchar(20)        null,
    column_3  varchar(20)        null,
    dc_time   datetime           null,
    data_time bigint             not null comment '数据时间,数据分区字段yyyymmddHH',
    primary key (id, data_time)
) partition by range ( data_time ) (
    partition p2019091215 values less than (2019091215)
    );

drop table if exists t_auto_insert_minute;
create table if not exists test.t_auto_insert_minute
(
    id        int auto_increment not null,
    column_2  varchar(20)        null,
    dc_time   datetime           null,
    data_time bigint             not null comment '数据时间,数据分区字段yyyymmddHHmm',
    primary key (id, data_time)
) partition by range ( data_time ) (
    partition p201909121525 values less than (201909121525)
    );

---

新建分区存储过程和对应的事件

 drop procedure if exists auto_create_partition_by_day;
#每天创建区分存储过程
create procedure auto_create_partition_by_day(IN IN_SCHEMANAME varchar(64), IN IN_TABLENAME varchar(64))
BEGIN
    #当前日期存在的分区的个数
    DECLARE ROWS_CNT INT UNSIGNED;
    #目前日期，为当前日期的后一天
    DECLARE TARGET_DATE TIMESTAMP;
    #分区的名称，格式为p20180620
    DECLARE PARTITIONNAME VARCHAR(9);
    #当前分区名称的分区值上限，即为 PARTITIONNAME + 1
    DECLARE PARTITION_ADD_DAY VARCHAR(9);
    SET TARGET_DATE = NOW() + INTERVAL 1 DAY;
    #格式化时间得到新增分区名称
    SET PARTITIONNAME = DATE_FORMAT(TARGET_DATE, 'p%Y%m%d');
    SET TARGET_DATE = TARGET_DATE + INTERVAL 1 DAY;
    #格式化时间得到新增分区范围
    SET PARTITION_ADD_DAY = DATE_FORMAT(TARGET_DATE, '%Y%m%d');
    SELECT COUNT(*)
    INTO ROWS_CNT
    FROM information_schema.partitions
    WHERE table_schema = IN_SCHEMANAME
      AND table_name = IN_TABLENAME
      AND partition_name = PARTITIONNAME;
    IF ROWS_CNT = 0 THEN
        SET @SQL = CONCAT('ALTER TABLE `', IN_SCHEMANAME, '`.`', IN_TABLENAME, '`',
                          ' ADD PARTITION (PARTITION ', PARTITIONNAME, ' VALUES LESS THAN (',
                          PARTITION_ADD_DAY, ') ENGINE = InnoDB);');
        PREPARE STMT FROM @SQL;
        EXECUTE STMT;
        deallocate PREPARE STMT;
    ELSE
        SELECT CONCAT('partition `', PARTITIONNAME, '` for table `', IN_SCHEMANAME, '.', IN_TABLENAME, '` already exists') AS result;
    END IF;
END;

drop event if exists event_every_day_call_create_partition;
#每天晚上十二点，执行事件，调用每天分区存储过程
create event event_every_day_call_create_partition on schedule
    every '1' day
        #从现在开始，也可以从制定时间开始2019-09-11 23:59:59
        starts now()
    on completion preserve
    enable
    do
    #调用分区存储过程
    call auto_create_partition_by_day('test', 't_auto_insert_day');



drop procedure if exists auto_create_partition_by_hour;
#每小时创建区分存储过程
create procedure auto_create_partition_by_hour(IN IN_SCHEMANAME varchar(64), IN IN_TABLENAME varchar(64))
BEGIN
    #当前日期存在的分区的个数
    DECLARE ROWS_CNT INT UNSIGNED;
    #目前日期，为当前日期的后一天
    DECLARE TARGET_DATE TIMESTAMP;
    #分区的名称，格式为p2019091214
    DECLARE PARTITIONNAME VARCHAR(11);
    #当前分区名称的分区值上限，即为 PARTITIONNAME + 1
    DECLARE PARTITION_ADD_HOUR VARCHAR(11);
    SET TARGET_DATE = NOW() + INTERVAL 1 hour;
    SET PARTITIONNAME = DATE_FORMAT(TARGET_DATE, 'p%Y%m%d%H');
    SET TARGET_DATE = TARGET_DATE + INTERVAL 1 hour;
    SET PARTITION_ADD_HOUR = DATE_FORMAT(TARGET_DATE, '%Y%m%d%H');
    SELECT COUNT(*)
    INTO ROWS_CNT
    FROM information_schema.partitions
    WHERE table_schema = IN_SCHEMANAME
      AND table_name = IN_TABLENAME
      AND partition_name = PARTITIONNAME;
    IF ROWS_CNT = 0 THEN
        SET @SQL = CONCAT('ALTER TABLE `', IN_SCHEMANAME, '`.`', IN_TABLENAME, '`',
                          ' ADD PARTITION (PARTITION ', PARTITIONNAME, ' VALUES LESS THAN (',
                          PARTITION_ADD_HOUR, ') ENGINE = InnoDB);');
        PREPARE STMT FROM @SQL;
        EXECUTE STMT;
        deallocate PREPARE STMT;
    ELSE
        SELECT CONCAT('partition `', PARTITIONNAME, '` for table `', IN_SCHEMANAME, '.', IN_TABLENAME, '` already exists') AS result;
    END IF;
END;

drop event if exists event_every_hour_call_create_partition;
#每小时，执行事件，调用每天分区存储过程
create event event_every_hour_call_create_partition on schedule
    every '1' hour
        #从现在开始，也可以从制定时间开始2019-09-11 10:00:00
        starts now()
    on completion preserve
    enable
    do
    #调用分区存储过程
    call auto_create_partition_by_hour('test', 't_auto_insert_hour');



drop procedure if exists auto_create_partition_by_five_minute;
#每五分钟分区一次的存储过程
create procedure auto_create_partition_by_five_minute(IN IN_SCHEMANAME varchar(64), IN IN_TABLENAME varchar(64))
BEGIN
    #当前日期存在的分区的个数
    DECLARE ROWS_CNT INT UNSIGNED;
    #当前日期，为当前日期的后一天
    DECLARE TARGET_DATE TIMESTAMP;
    #分区的名称，格式为p201909121009
    DECLARE PARTITIONNAME VARCHAR(15);
    #当前分区名称的分区值上限，即为 PARTITIONNAME + 1
    DECLARE PARTITION_ADD_MINUTE VARCHAR(15);
    SET TARGET_DATE = NOW() + INTERVAL 5 minute;
    SET PARTITIONNAME = DATE_FORMAT(TARGET_DATE, 'p%Y%m%d%H%i');
    SET TARGET_DATE = TARGET_DATE + INTERVAL 5 minute;
    SET PARTITION_ADD_MINUTE = DATE_FORMAT(TARGET_DATE, '%Y%m%d%H%i');
    SELECT COUNT(*)
    INTO ROWS_CNT
    FROM information_schema.partitions
    WHERE table_schema = IN_SCHEMANAME
      AND table_name = IN_TABLENAME
      AND partition_name = PARTITIONNAME;
    IF ROWS_CNT = 0 THEN
        SET @SQL = CONCAT('ALTER TABLE `', IN_SCHEMANAME, '`.`', IN_TABLENAME, '`',
                          ' ADD PARTITION (PARTITION ', PARTITIONNAME, ' VALUES LESS THAN (',
                          PARTITION_ADD_MINUTE, ') ENGINE = InnoDB);');
        PREPARE STMT FROM @SQL;
        EXECUTE STMT;
        deallocate PREPARE STMT;
    ELSE
        SELECT CONCAT('partition `', PARTITIONNAME, '` for table `', IN_SCHEMANAME, '.', IN_TABLENAME, '` already exists') AS result;
    END IF;
END;

drop event if exists event_every_five_minute_call_create_partition;
#每五分钟，执行事件，调用分区存储过程
create event event_every_five_minute_call_create_partition on schedule
    every '5' minute
        #从现在开始，也可以从制定时间开始2019-09-11 10:00:00
        starts now() #'2019-09-11 10:00:00'
    on completion preserve
    enable
    do
    #调用分区存储过程
    call auto_create_partition_by_five_minute('test', 't_auto_insert_minute');

---

新建插入数据的存储过程和对应的事件

#清空表，且重置主键
truncate table t_auto_insert_day;
truncate table t_auto_insert_hour;
truncate table t_auto_insert_minute;


drop procedure if exists procedure_auto_insert_day;
#创建存储过程，每天插入5数据
create procedure procedure_auto_insert_day()
BEGIN
    declare i int default 0;
    while (i < 5)
        do
            insert into t_auto_insert_day
            values (0, concat('auto_insert_day', i), now(), date_format(now(), '%Y%m%d'));
            set i = i + 1;
        end while;
END;


#创建事件，每天调用存储过程，插入5条数据
drop event if exists event_every_day_call_insert;
create event event_every_day_call_insert on schedule
    every '1' day
        #从2019-09-11 10:00:00 开始执行
        starts now()
    on completion preserve
    enable
    do
    call procedure_auto_insert_day();



drop procedure if exists procedure_auto_insert_hour;
#创建存储过程，每小时插入5条数据
create
    procedure procedure_auto_insert_hour()
BEGIN
    declare i int default 0;
    while (i < 5)
        do
            insert into t_auto_insert_hour
            values (0, concat('auto_insert_hour', i), concat('auto_insert_hour', i), now(), date_format(now(), '%Y%m%d%H'));
            set i = i + 1;
        end while;
END;

drop event if exists event_every_hour_call_insert;
#创建事件，每小时调用存储过程插入5条数据
create event event_every_hour_call_insert on schedule
    every '1' hour
        #从现在开始执行
        starts now()
    on completion preserve
    enable
    do
    call procedure_auto_insert_hour();


drop procedure if exists procedure_auto_insert_minute;
#存储过程-每分钟插入数据
create
    procedure procedure_auto_insert_minute()
BEGIN
    declare i int default 0;
    while (i < 5)
        do
            insert into t_auto_insert_minute
            values (0, concat('procene', i), now(), concat(date_format(now(), '%Y%m%d%H'), minute(now())));
            set i = i + 1;
        end while;

END;


drop event if exists event_every_minute_call_insert;
#每分钟一次调用存储过程
create event event_every_minute_call_insert on schedule
    every 1 minute
        starts now()
    on completion preserve
    enable
    do
    call procedure_auto_insert_minute();

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查询分区结果：

select partition_name        part,
       partition_expression  expr,
       partition_description descr,
       table_rows
from information_schema.partitions
where table_schema = 'test'
  and table_name = 't_auto_insert_minute';

返回结果

part	expr	descr	table_rows
p201909121525	data_time	201909121525	0
p201909121728	data_time	201909121733	45
p201909121733	data_time	201909121738	24
p201909121738	data_time	201909121743	24
p201909121743	data_time	201909121748	24
p201909121748	data_time	201909121753	25
p201909121753	data_time	201909121758	25

p201909121525这个分区是初始化表的时候创建的。

手动新增分区

ALTER TABLE t_auto_insert_minute add PARTITION (PARTITION p201909121509 values less than (201909121509));

删除分区，删除时不能全部删除，最少需要留一个

ALTER TABLE t_auto_insert_minute    DROP PARTITION 201909121509;