GMAT OG 2019语法新题解析691

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691. To estimate the expansion rate of the universe is a notoriously difficult problem because there is a lack of a single yardstick that all distances can be measured by.

A. To estimate the expansion rate of the universe is a notoriously difficult problem because there is a lack of a single yardstick that all distances can be measured by.

B. Estimating the expansion rate of the universe is a notoriously difficult problem because there is no single yardstick by which all distances can be measured.

C. Because there is a lack of a single yardstick to measure all distances by, estimating the expansion rate of the universe is a notoriously difficult problem.

D. A notoriously difficult problem is to estimate the expansion rate of the universe because a single yardstick is lacking by which all distances can be measured.

E. It is a notoriously difficult problem to estimate the expansion rate of the universe because by no single yardstick can all distances be measured.

解析：

估计宇宙的膨胀系数是一个众所周知的难题，因为缺乏一个所有距离都可以被测量的标准

A选项没有太大问题

B选项by后面有个which定语从句，有介词的从句一般会把介词提前，比如by which会更优选，所以A,B优选B

C选项to measure all distances修饰yardstick，后面多了个by表达错误

D选项从句用现在进行时与前面主句时态不符，定语从句不可以跳过谓语去修饰主语，但是D选项which跳跃谓语去修饰yardstick，所以D选项错误。

E选项because by后面部分倒装，because all distances can be measured by no single yardstick，和主句放在一起语义变成 “估计宇宙的膨胀率是一个众所周知的难题，因为所有的距离可以被测量..”。

答案：B