Psychology Glossary 107

Natural Selection: Darwin's theory that favorable adaptations to features of the environment allow some members of a species to reproduce more successfully than others.

自然选择：达尔文的理论认为，对环境特征有利的适应使物种中的某些成员比其他成员更成功地繁殖。

Naturalistic Observation: A research technique in which unobtrusive observations are made of behaviors that occur in natural environments.

自然观察：一种研究技术，对自然环境中发生的行为进行不引人注目的观察。

Need for Achievement (a Ach): An assumed basic human need to strive for achievement of goals that motivates a wide range of behavior and thinking.

成就需要：一种假定的人类为实现目标而奋斗的基本需求，这种需求激励着广泛的行为和思考。

Negative Punishment: A behavior is followed by the removal of an appetitive stimulus, decreasing the probability of the behavior.

阴性惩罚：一种欲望刺激消失之后就能降低行为可能性的行为。