Lesson32 环保姐妹的巴厘岛禁塑行动 Our campai
elati Wijsen: Bali -- island of gods.
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Isabel Wijsen: A green paradise.
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MW: Or ... a paradise lost. Bali: island of garbage.
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IW: In Bali, we generate 680 cubic meters of plastic garbage a day.That's about a 14-story building. And when it comes to plastic bags,less than five percent gets recycled.
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MW: We know that changes the image you may have of our island. It changed ours, too, when we learned about it, when we learned that almost all plastic bags in Bali end up in our drains and then in our rivers and then in our ocean. And those that don't even make it to the ocean, they're either burned or littered.
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IW: So we decided to do something about it. And we've been working for almost three years now to try to say no to plastic bags on our home island. And we have had some significant successes.
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MW: We are sisters, and we go to the best school on earth: Green School, Bali. Green School is not only different in the way that it is built out of bamboo, but also in the way that it teaches. We are taught to become leaders of today, something a normal textbook cannot match.
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IW: One day we had a lesson in class where we learned about significant people, like Nelson Mandela, Lady Diana and Mahatma Gandhi. Walking home that day, we agreed that we also wanted to be significant. Why should we wait until we were grown up to be significant? We wanted to do something now.
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MW: Sitting on the sofa that night, we brainstormed and thought of all the issues facing Bali. And one thing that stood out to us the most was the plastic garbage. But that is a huge problem. So we looked into what was a realistic target for us kids: plastic bags. And the idea was born.
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IW: We started researching, and let's just say, the more we learned,there was nothing good about plastic bags. And you know what? We don't even need them.
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MW: We were really inspired by the efforts to say no to plastic bags in many other places, from Hawaii to Rwanda and to severals cities like Oakland and Dublin.
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IW: And so the idea turned into the launch of "Bye Bye Plastic Bags."MW: In the years that we have been campaigning, we have learned a lot.
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Lesson number one: you cannot do it all by yourself. You need a big team of like-minded kids, and so we formed the Bye Bye Plastic Bags crew. The volunteer team includes children from all over the island,from both international and local schools. And together with them, we started a multi-layered approach, based on an on- and off-line signature petition, educational and inspirational presentations at schools and we raise general awareness at markets, festivals, beach clean-ups. And last but not least, we distribute alternative bags, bags like net bags, recycled newspaper bags or 100 percent organic material bags, all made by local initiatives on the island.
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IW: We run a pilot village, home of 800 families. The village mayor was our first friend and he loved our T-shirts, so that helped. We focused on making the customers aware, because that's where the change needs to happen. The village is already two-thirds along the way of becoming plastic bag free.
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Our first attempts to get the government of Bali on board failed. So we thought, "Hmm ... a petition with one million signatures. They can't ignore us, right?"
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IW: But, who would have guessed one million signatures is, like, a thousand times a thousand?
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We got stuck -- till we learned lesson number two: think outside the box. Someone mentioned that the Bali airport handles 16 million arrivals and departures a year.
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MW: But how do we get into the airport? And here comes lesson number three: persistence. Off we headed to the airport. We got past the janitor. And then it was his boss's boss, and then the assistant office manager, and then the office manager, and then ... we got shuffled down two levels and thought, well, here comes the janitor again.
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And after several days knocking on doors and just being kids on a mission, we finally got to the commercial manager of Bali airports. And we gave him the "Bali of plastic bags" speech, and being a very nice man, he said, [imitating the man's voice] "I cannot believe what I'm about say, but I'm going to give authorization to collect signatures behind customs and immigrations."
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IW: In our first hour and a half there, we got almost 1,000 signatures.How cool is that?
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Lesson number four: you need champions at all levels of society, from students to commercial managers to famous people. And thanks to the attraction of Green School, we had access to a steady stream of celebrities. Ban Ki Moon taught us that Secretary-Generals of the United Nations don't sign petitions --
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even if kids ask nicely. But he promised to spread the word, and now we work closely with the United Nations.
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MW: Jane Goodall taught us the power of a people's network. She started with just one Roots & Shoots group and now she has 4,000 groups around the world. We are one of them. She's a real inspiration.
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If you're a fellow Rotarian, nice to meet you. We're Interactors, the youngest department of Rotary International.
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IW: But we have also learned much about patience,
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MW: how to deal with frustrations,
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MW: we learned more about the Balinese and their culture
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IW: and we learned about the importance of commitment.
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MW: It's not always easy. Sometimes it does get a little bit hard to walk your talk.
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IW: But last year, we did exactly that. We went to India to give a talk,and our parents took us to visit the former private house of Mahatma Gandhi. We learned about the power of hunger strikes he did to reach his goals. Yes, by the end of the tour, when we met our parents again,we both made a decision and said, "We're going on a hunger strike!"
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MW: And you can probably imagine their faces. It took a lot of convincing, and not only to our parents but to our friends and to our teachers as well. Isabel and I were serious about doing this. So we met with a nutritionist, and we came up with a compromise of not eating from sunrise to sunset every day until the governor of Bali would agree to meet with us to talk about how to stop plastic bags on Bali.
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IW: Our "mogak makan," as it is called in Bahasa Indonesia, started.We used social media to support our goal and already on day two,police started to come to our home and school. What were these two girls doing? We knew we weren't making the governor look his best by doing this food strike -- we could have gone to jail. But, hey, it worked.Twenty-four hours later, we were picked up from school and escorted to the office of the governor.
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waiting for us to meet and speak, being all supportive and thankful for our willingness to care for the beauty and the environment of Bali.
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He signed a promise to help the people of Bali say no to plastic bags.And we are now friends, and on a regular basis, we remind him and his team of the promises he has made. And indeed, recently he stated and committed that Bali will be plastic bag free by 2018.
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IW: Also, at the International Airport of Bali, one of our supporters is planning to start a plastic bag-free policy by 2016.
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MW: Stop handing out free plastic bags and bring in your own reusable bag is our next message to change that mindset of the public.
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IW: Our short-term campaign, "One Island / One Voice," is all about this. We check and recognize the shops and restaurants that have declared themselves a plastic bag-free zone, and we put this sticker at their entrance and publish their names on social media and some important magazines on Bali. And conversely, that highlights those who do not have the sticker.
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MW: So, why are we actually telling you all of this? Well, partly, it is because we are proud of the results that, together with our team, we have been able to reach. But also because along the way, we have learned that kids can do things. We can make things happen. Isabel and I were only 10 and 12 years old when we started this. We never had a business plan, nor a fixed strategy, nor any hidden agendas --just the idea in front of us and a group of friends working with us. All we wanted to do was stop those plastic bags from wrapping and suffocating our beautiful home. Kids have a boundless energy and a motivation to be the change the world needs.
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IW: So to all the kids of this beautiful but challenging world: go for it!Make that difference. We're not telling you it's going to be easy. We're telling you it's going to be worth it. Us kids may only be 25 percent of the world's population, but we are 100 percent of the future.
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MW: We still have a lot of work to do, but know that we still not stopuntil the first question asked when arriving at the Bali airports will be
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Both: "Welcome to Bali, do you have nay plastic bags to declare?"
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IW：在巴厘岛， 我们一天会制造出 680立方米的塑料垃圾。 这大约有14层楼高。 说到塑料袋， 它的回收率小于5%。
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MW：我们知道也许你们对 我们岛的印象已经改变了。 当我们知道的时候，我们的印象也变了， 我们知道了几乎所有巴厘岛上的塑料袋 最后会流到我们的下水道 然后转进我们的河流， 最后流入我们的海洋。 而那些没有流进海洋的， 它们不是被焚化就是被乱丢弃掉。
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IW：所以，我们决定要做些事情。 到现在为止我们已经做了快三年，尝试在我们岛上的家园， 向塑料袋说不。 而且我们有相当显著的成功。
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MW：我们是姐妹， 我们在地球上最棒的学校上课： 巴厘岛的格林学校。 格林学校的不同之处， 除了它是由竹子建造而成， 还有它的教学方式。 我们被教导成为今日的领袖， 一些在普通教科书上学不到的东西。
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IW：有一天，我们上了一堂课， 学习了一些名人， 比如尼尔森·曼德拉、 戴安娜夫人、 圣雄甘地。 那天回家的路上， 我们达成一个共识： 我们也想成为这样的名人。 那为什么我们要等到长大时 才能成为名人呢？ 我们现在就想做一些事。
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MW：坐在沙发上的那一晚， 我们开始了头脑风暴， 思考巴厘岛现在所面临的问题。 而其中一个常常出现在 我们面前的就是 塑料垃圾。 但这可是个大问题。 所以我们确定了我们这些小孩 实际的目标是什么： 就是塑料袋。 想法诞生了。
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IW：我们开始研究， 这么说好了，我们了解的越多， 我们越明白塑料袋 一点好处也没有。 而且你知道吗？ 我们根本不需要它们。
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MW：在很多其他地方举办的 “向塑料袋说不”的活动 深深激励了我们，从夏威夷到卢旺达， 还有几个城市， 比如奥克兰或都柏林。
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IW：所以我们把想法转换成发起 “拜拜了，塑料袋”活动。 MW：这几年我们一直在办活动 这让我们学到很多。
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第一课： 你不要全都自己一个人做。 你需要有一个志趣相投的 孩子们组成的大团队， 所以我们成立了 “拜拜了，塑料袋”工作组。 志愿者团队来自于 从全岛范围内召集的孩子们， 包含国际及当地学校。 跟他们一起， 我们开始了一种多层级方法， 主要是一些线上线下 的签名请愿书活动， 以及在学校举办的 含有教育寓意及鼓舞人心的演讲， 我们也在市场、节庆、 海滩清洁活动上提高大众的意识。 最后但同样重要的一点， 我们给大家分发替代塑料袋的袋子， 比如网袋， 可循环利用的报纸袋， 或是100%有机材料袋， 这些全是当地岛上的自发团体制作的。
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IW：我们运作了一个试点村， 包含800户家庭。 村长是我们第一个朋友， 他很喜欢我们的T恤，这很有帮助。 我们专注于建立顾客意识， 因为那是需要改变的一点。 村庄有三分之二的区域已经成为了 无塑料袋区域。
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我们第一次尝试邀请 巴厘岛政府参加活动时失败了， 所以我们想， “嗯······如果有一百万份签名的请愿书， 他们应该就不会忽视我们了，对吧？ ”
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IW：但是，大家认真算一下， 100万个签名， 是不是1000乘以1000啊？
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我们碰到瓶颈了—— 直到我们学到了第二课： 跳脱框架，另类思考。有人曾经说过 巴厘岛机场每年要处理 1600 万人次的出入境旅客。
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MW：但我们怎么才能进到机场里面呢？ 所以就有了第三课： 坚持。我们前往机场， 我们通过门卫， 然后去找他的上级的上级， 然后是办公室经理助理， 然后是办公室经理， 再接着······ 我们没成功，又向后退了两步， 我们想道， 好吧，我们又回到门卫这里了。
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经过了几天的敲门 一直以小孩子的身份进行任务， 我们最终找到了巴厘岛机场 的商业部经理， 然后我们向他讲演了 “巴厘岛的塑料袋”的内容， 他人很好，他说， （模仿他的声音） “我都不敢相信自己要说什么， 我要授权给你们， 你们可以在海关及移民局后面 收集签名。”
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IW：我们在那里的头一个半小时， 就已经拿到快1000个签名了， 很酷吧?
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第四课： 你需要社会各界精英的帮助， 从学生到商业经理到名人。 多亏了格林学校强大的吸引力， 让我们一直有名人可以访问。 潘基文让我们懂得了 联合国秘书长 是不会签请愿书的——
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即使我们小孩子好好地请求。 但他答应要传递这些讯息， 现在我们跟联合国合作地相当密切。
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MW：珍·古道尔让我们懂得了， 一个人的网络力量。 她是从一个叫“根与芽”的团体开始的， 现在她在全世界有4000个团体。 我们是其中之一。 她真的很能鼓舞人心。
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如果你是扶轮社的一员， 很高兴见到你。 我们是社友， 我们组成了国际扶轮社 最年轻的部门。
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MW：我们也学到更多的关于 巴厘岛人民以及他们的文化的东西。
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MW：过程并不总是顺利的。 有时候，要实践你说过的话 确实会有点困难，
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IW：但在去年，我们真的做到了。 我们去印度演讲， 然后我们的父母带我们去拜访 以前圣雄甘地的私人住所。 我们学到了绝食抗议的力量， 他的确达成了他的目标。 是的，就在旅行结束前， 当我们再次与父母亲碰面时， 我们两个做了相同的一个决定 并跟他们说，
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（笑声） MW：你们大概可以到想像到 他们惊讶的表情。 我们说服了好久， 不只我们的父母， 还包括我们的朋友及老师。 伊莎贝尔和我都很认真看待这件事。 所以，我们跟一位营养师碰面， 然后我们达成了共识， 每天日落到日出都不吃东西， 直到巴厘岛政府愿意见我们 来讨论如何阻止在巴厘岛上使用塑料袋。
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IW：我们的用印度语叫做 “mogak makan”的绝食抗议， 开始了。 我们运用社交媒体来支持我们的行动， 就在第二天， 警察就到了我们的家里和学校。 这两个女孩在搞什么？ 我们知道我们不能藉由绝食抗议 来要求政府做事—— 这样我们可能会坐牢。 但是，你看，有效了， 24 小时之后， 我们从学校被带走， 然后被护送到政府办公室，
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在等着跟我们见面说话， 他全力支持和感谢 我们对巴厘岛的环境与美丽 所付出的努力和关心。
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他签署了一项承诺， 来帮助巴厘岛人民“向塑料袋说再见”。 现在我们是朋友了， 而且我们还定期地 提醒他及他的团队他所承诺的事。 而且真的， 最近他公开表示并承诺， 到2018年，巴厘岛将会是个 无塑料袋的岛。
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IW：而且，我们的支持者之一， 巴厘岛国际机场 计划在2016年前完成无塑料袋政策。
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MW：别再分发免费的塑料袋了， 携带自己的可重复使用的袋子， 是我们下一个要改变大众观念的讯息。
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IW：我们的短期活动， “同一座岛，同一个声音” 就是关于这些的。 我们会检查并认证 哪些是由它们自己申明的 无塑料袋区的商店与餐厅，然后我们会在他们的入口处 贴上这个贴纸， 并在社交媒体及巴厘岛重要的杂志上 公布他们的店名。 反之， 这样就会凸显那些没有贴纸的店家。
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MW：那么，为什么我们一定要 告诉你们这些呢？ 好吧，其中一部分原因是 我们对我们一起合作 所达成的这样的成果， 感到很自豪。 但也有部分原因是， 我们学到了小孩也能做有意义的事。 我们能让事情成真。 伊莎贝尔和我开始做这件事的时候 分别只有10岁和12岁。 我们从来没做过商业计划， 我们没有固定的策略， 也没有隐瞒的议程—— 我们仅仅有我们眼前的一个理想， 以及一群和我们一起奋斗的好伙伴。我们要做的就是要 停止这些塑料袋 继续包围破坏我们美丽的家园。 对于做世界需求的改变者， 孩子们有无穷的能量和动力。
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IW：所以我们想给在这个美丽又充满挑战的 世界上所有小孩一句话：去做吧！ 去做些不一样的事。 我们不会告诉你这会很简单。 我们会告诉你，这很值得。 我们小孩子虽然仅占 世界上25%的人口， 但我们才是100%的未来。
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MW：我们仍有很多事要做， 但即使知道如此，我们也不会停下来， 直到您抵达巴厘岛机场时，被问 到的第一个问题是：
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