iOS系统访问权限（通讯录、相机、相册、麦克风、定位）
前言####
大家都知道苹果他老人家很注重用户的隐私保护，所以我们一般在访问用户的隐私（比如相册、相机）的时候都需要用户授权，那么您真的了解用户授权吗？今天小编就细细道来。
自问自答####
关于授权的几个问题
1、系统访问授权是必须要设置的吗？怎么设置？
答：是的，如果没有，iOS10.0之后会崩溃的，崩溃信息如下
This app has crashed because it attempted to access privacy-sensitive data without a usage description. The app's Info.plist must contain an NSContactsUsageDescription key with a string value explaining to the user how the app uses this data.
解决办法：
只要在info.plist里面设置对应信息就可以了
Snip20170404_9.png
2、系统默认的弹框怎么来的？
答：只要在info.plist文件中设置了您需要访问的参数（key 和NSString），就会有默认弹框，温馨提示：弹框的文字内容要注意编写，否则会被拒绝哦
<key>NSMicrophoneUsageDescription</key>
<string>xxxapp需要访问您的麦克风(弹框文字)</string>
3、用户第一次授权点击不允许怎么办？
A方案：我们自定义一个弹框，提示用户要设置授权
[self showWithMessage:@"此功能需要您授权本App打开相机\n设置方法:打开手机设置->隐私->相机"];
//弹框提示
+ (void)showWithMessage:(NSString *)tipString
{
UIAlertView *alter = [[UIAlertView alloc]initWithTitle:@"温馨提示" message:tipString delegate:nil cancelButtonTitle:@"确定" otherButtonTitles:nil];
[alter show];
}
B方案：直接跳转到设置页面设置隐私
//引导到设置页面去设置
+ (void)gotoSetting
{
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:UIApplicationOpenSettingsURLString];
if ([[UIApplication sharedApplication]canOpenURL:url]) {
[[UIApplication sharedApplication]openURL:url];
}
}
/**
跳转到设置权限界面
*/
+ (void)gotoSettingPrivacyWithType:(LZBAppSettingType)type
{
NSString *jumpString =LZBAppSettingTypeValue[type];
if(jumpString.length == 0)
{
[self gotoSetting];
return;
}
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:jumpString];
if ([[UIApplication sharedApplication]canOpenURL:url]) {
[[UIApplication sharedApplication]openURL:url];
}
}
注意：小编提醒，iOS10.0之前Prefs:root=General&path=CAMERA系列还有用，但是iOS10.0之后没有用了，可以直接使用UIApplicationOpenSettingsURLString就可以跳转到对应的设置页面
相机授权####
1、导入框架 #import <AVFoundation/AVFoundation.h>
2、检测授权，如果是第一次那么状态肯定是AVAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined，此时我们要点击系统弹框，并且调用+ (void)requestAccessForMediaType:(NSString *)mediaType completionHandler:(void (^)(BOOL granted))handler 检测点击授权与否，如果点击不允许，那么我们就可以采用上述的A和B方案
/**
检测录制视频的相机是否授权
*/
+ (BOOL)checkVideoCameraAuthorization
{
__block BOOL isAvalible = NO;
__weak __typeof__(self) weakSelf = self;
AVAuthorizationStatus status = [AVCaptureDevice authorizationStatusForMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo];
switch (status) {
case AVAuthorizationStatusAuthorized: //授权
isAvalible = YES;
break;
case AVAuthorizationStatusDenied: //拒绝，弹框
{
[self showWithMessage:@"此功能需要您授权本App打开相机\n设置方法:打开手机设置->隐私->相机"];
isAvalible = NO;
}
break;
case AVAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined: //没有决定，第一次启动默认弹框
{
//点击弹框授权
[AVCaptureDevice requestAccessForMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo completionHandler:^(BOOL granted) {
isAvalible = granted;
if(!granted) //如果不允许
{
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
[weakSelf gotoSetting];
});
}
}];
}
break;
case AVAuthorizationStatusRestricted: //受限制，家长控制器
isAvalible = NO;
break;
}
return isAvalible;
}
3、注意在info.plist设置第一次弹框的文字内容
<key>NSCameraUsageDescription</key>
<string>xxxapp需要访问您的照相机</string>
麦克风授权####
1.导入#import <AVFoundation/AVFoundation.h>
2、方法和检测相机差不多，只是把类型换成AVMediaTypeAudio。检测授权，如果是第一次那么状态肯定是AVAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined，此时我们要点击系统弹框，并且调用+ (void)requestAccessForMediaType:(NSString *)mediaType completionHandler:(void (^)(BOOL granted))handler 检测点击授权与否，如果点击不允许，那么我们就可以采用上述的A和B方案
/**
检测录制视频的麦克风是否授权
*/
+ (BOOL)checkVideoMicrophoneAudioAuthorization
{
__block BOOL isAvalible = NO;
__weak __typeof__(self) weakSelf = self;
AVAuthorizationStatus status = [AVCaptureDevice authorizationStatusForMediaType:AVMediaTypeAudio];
switch (status) {
case AVAuthorizationStatusAuthorized: //授权
isAvalible = YES;
break;
case AVAuthorizationStatusDenied: //拒绝，弹框
{
[self showWithMessage:@"此功能需要您授权本App打开麦克风\n设置方法:打开手机设置->隐私->麦克风"];
isAvalible = NO;
}
break;
case AVAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined: //没有决定，第一次启动
{
//点击弹框授权
[AVCaptureDevice requestAccessForMediaType:AVMediaTypeAudio completionHandler:^(BOOL granted) {
isAvalible = granted;
if(!granted) //如果不允许
{
//回到主线程
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
[weakSelf gotoSetting];
});
}
}];
}
break;
case AVAuthorizationStatusRestricted: //受限制，家长控制器
isAvalible = NO;
break;
}
return isAvalible;
}
3、注意在info.plist设置第一次弹框的文字内容
<key>NSMicrophoneUsageDescription</key>
<string>xxxapp需要访问您的麦克风</string>
相册授权####
1、iOS8.0之后，导入#import <Photos/Photos.h>
2、检测授权，如果是第一次那么状态肯定是PHAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined，此时我们要点击系统弹框，并且调用+ (void)requestAuthorization:(void(^)(PHAuthorizationStatus status))handler检测点击授权与否，如果点击不允许，那么我们就可以采用上述的A和B方案
/**
检测相册是否授权
*/
+ (BOOL)checkVideoPhotoAuthorization
{
__block BOOL isAvalible = NO;
__weak __typeof__(self) weakSelf = self;
//iOS8.0之后
PHAuthorizationStatus photoStatus = [PHPhotoLibrary authorizationStatus];
switch (photoStatus) {
case PHAuthorizationStatusAuthorized:
isAvalible = YES;
break;
case PHAuthorizationStatusDenied:
{
[self showWithMessage:@"此功能需要您授权本App打开相册\n设置方法:打开手机设置->隐私->相册"];
isAvalible = NO;
}
break;
case PHAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:
{
[PHPhotoLibrary requestAuthorization:^(PHAuthorizationStatus status) {
if (status == PHAuthorizationStatusAuthorized) {
isAvalible = YES;
}else{
isAvalible = NO; //回到主线程
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
[weakSelf gotoSetting];
});
}
}];
}
break;
case PHAuthorizationStatusRestricted:
isAvalible = NO;
break;
default:
break;
}
return isAvalible;
};
3、注意在info.plist设置第一次弹框的文字内容
<key>NSPhotoLibraryUsageDescription</key>
<string>xxxapp需要访问您的照片管理器</string>
通讯录授权####
1、导入框架
iOS9.0之前导入#import <AddressBook/AddressBook.h>
iOS9.0之后导入#import <Contacts/Contacts.h>
2、方法还是检测授权状态，如果第一次启动还是未决定，此时弹框系统默认的框，调用方法监听点击结果（允许还是不允许），如果是不允许，还是采用A或B方案
// 检测通讯录是否授权
+ (BOOL)checkContactsAuthorization
{
__block BOOL isAvalible = NO;
__weak __typeof__(self) weakSelf = self;
//iOS9.0之前
if([[UIDevice currentDevice].systemVersion floatValue] <= __IPHONE_9_0)
{
ABAuthorizationStatus authorStatus = ABAddressBookGetAuthorizationStatus();
switch (authorStatus) {
case kABAuthorizationStatusAuthorized:
isAvalible = YES;
break;
case kABAuthorizationStatusDenied:
{
[self showWithMessage:@"此功能需要您授权本App打开相册\n设置方法:打开手机设置->隐私->通讯录"];
isAvalible = NO;
}
break;
case kABAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:
{
__block ABAddressBookRef addressBook = ABAddressBookCreateWithOptions(NULL, NULL);
if (addressBook != NULL)
{
ABAddressBookRequestAccessWithCompletion(addressBook, ^(bool granted, CFErrorRef error) {
isAvalible = granted;
if (!granted) {
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
[weakSelf gotoSetting];
});
}
if (addressBook) {
CFRelease(addressBook);
addressBook = NULL;
}
});
}
}
break;
case kABAuthorizationStatusRestricted:
isAvalible = NO;
break;
default:
break;
}
}
else//iOS9.0之后
{
CNAuthorizationStatus authStatus = [CNContactStore authorizationStatusForEntityType:CNEntityTypeContacts];
switch (authStatus) {
case CNAuthorizationStatusAuthorized:
isAvalible = YES;
break;
case CNAuthorizationStatusDenied:
{
[self showWithMessage:@"此功能需要您授权本App打开相册\n设置方法:打开手机设置->隐私->通讯录"];
isAvalible = NO;
}
break;
case CNAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:
{
CNContactStore *contactStore = [[CNContactStore alloc] init];
[contactStore requestAccessForEntityType:CNEntityTypeContacts completionHandler:^(BOOL granted, NSError * _Nullable error) {
isAvalible = granted;
if (!granted) {
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
[weakSelf gotoSetting];
});
}
}];
}
break;
case CNAuthorizationStatusRestricted:
isAvalible = NO;
break;
}
}
return isAvalible;
}
3、注意在info.plist设置第一次弹框的文字内容
<key>NSContactsUsageDescription</key>
<string>xxxapp需要访问您的通讯录</string>
定位授权####
1、导入#import <CoreLocation/CoreLocation.h>，注意不是#import <CoreLocation/CLLocationManager.h>
2、定位授权不一样，首先是检测当前定位状态，同样第一次都是kCLAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined未决定，但是定位授权是
requestWhenInUseAuthorization、requestAlwaysAuthorization这两个方法，并且监听方式是采用代理的方式监听
- (void)locationManager:(CLLocationManager *)manager didChangeAuthorizationStatus:(CLAuthorizationStatus)status
这里只是监听的介绍定位授权，定位具体信息都要结合具体的项目使用
+ (BOOL)checkLocationAuthorization
{
__block BOOL isAvalible = NO;
if(![CLLocationManager locationServicesEnabled])
return NO;
CLAuthorizationStatus locationStatus = [CLLocationManager authorizationStatus];
switch (locationStatus) {
case kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedAlways:
isAvalible = NO;
break;
case kCLAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:
{
isAvalible = NO;
}
break;
case kCLAuthorizationStatusRestricted:
isAvalible = NO;
break;
case kCLAuthorizationStatusDenied:
{
[self showWithMessage:@"此功能需要您授权本App打开相册\n设置方法:打开手机设置->隐私->位置信息"];
isAvalible = NO;
}
break;
case kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedWhenInUse:
isAvalible = YES;
break;
default:
break;
}
return isAvalible;
}
3、注意在info.plist设置第一次弹框的文字内容
<key>NSLocationWhenInUseUsageDescription</key>
<string>xxxapp需要访问获取您的位置信息</string>
<key>NSLocationAlwaysUsageDescription</key>
<string>xxxapp需要访问一直获取您的位置信息</string>
我已经把检测代码封装LZBAuthorizationManger成工具类可以使用到任意的项目，低耦合
源码下载地址：自定义视频录制方法之最优方案
最后赠言###
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