SpringBoot 从入门到实战

SpringBoot Thymeleaf 模板

2018-05-30  本文已影响205人  summer_abc

前言

Thymeleaf 目前最新版本3.0
Thymeleaf作为Spring-Boot官方推荐模板引擎,而且支持纯HTML浏览器展现(模板表达式在脱离运行环境下不污染html结构).是时候了解一番了。

安装与初始化配置

与Spring-Boot集成:

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
</dependency>

在Spring-Boot中只需如下配置:

一下内容除了 cache=false 以外, 其他的都是默认配置, 可以省略

#thymeleaf start
spring.thymeleaf.mode=HTML5
spring.thymeleaf.encoding=UTF-8
spring.thymeleaf.content-type=text/html
#开发时关闭缓存,不然没法看到实时页面
spring.thymeleaf.cache=false
#thymeleaf end

具体可以配置的参数可以查看 org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.thymeleaf.ThymeleafProperties 这个类,上面的配置实际上就是注入到该类中的属性值.

基本语法

<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <title>hello</title>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
</head>
<body>
<!--/*@thymesVar id="name" type="java.lang.String"*/-->
<p th:text="'Hello!, ' + ${name} + '!'" >3333</p>
</body>
</html>

表达式

数据类型

字符串操作

算术运算

也可以用一些算术运算符:+ , - , * , / , % .

<a th:with="isEven=(${prodStat.count} % 2 == 0)"></a>

比较运算符

> , < , >=<===!= 都可以用,但是 <, 这两个在必须转义。

<p th:if="${prodStat.count} &gt; 1"></p>
<p th:text="'Execution mode is ' + ( (${execMode} == 'dev')? 'Development' : 'Production')"></p>

注: 别名替代方案 gt ( >), lt ( < ), ge ( >= ), le ( <= ), not ( ! ), eq ( == ), neq / ne ( != ).

条件运算符

预处理表达式

语法: __${expression}__

有的时候我们需要预处理一些信息到表达式中。比如某个变量的名字是变的,怎么办?预处理来了。

预处理表达式用 __${expression}__ 双下划线包裹,举个栗子:
我们在外部资源文件中配了这个属性:

<span article.text=@myapp.translator.Translator@translateToSpanish({0})></span>

我们可以在模板中表达式是这样子的:

<p th:text="${__#{article.text('textVar')}__}">Some text here...</p>

那么引擎会首先从资源文件中获取article.text的值,再执行它。

<p th:text="${@myapp.translator.Translator@translateToFrench(textVar)}">Some text here...</p>

条件判断

if/unless

Thymeleaf中使用th:if和th:unless属性进行条件判断,标签只有在th:if中条件成立时才显示,th:unless于th:if恰好相反,只有表达式中的条件不成立,才会显示其内容。

<a th:href="@{/login}" th:unless=${session.user != null}>Login</a>

switch

Thymeleaf同样支持多路选择Switch结构,默认属性default可以用*表示:

<div th:switch="${user.role}">
  <p th:case="'admin'">User is an administrator</p>
  <p th:case="#{roles.manager}">User is a manager</p>
  <p th:case="*">User is some other thing</p>
</di

循环

<tr th:each="prod : ${prods}">
    <td th:text="${prod.name}">Onions</td>
    <td th:text="${prod.price}">2.41</td>
    <td th:text="${prod.inStock}? #{true} : #{false}">yes</td>
</tr>

迭代对象必须为

<tr th:each="prod,iterStat : ${prods}" th:class="${iterStat.odd}? 'odd'">
    <td th:text="${prod.name}">Onions</td>
    <td th:text="${prod.price}">2.41</td>
    <td th:text="${prod.inStock}? #{true} : #{false}">yes</td>
  </tr>
//不过也可以直接加Stat后缀访问状态变量
<tr th:each="prod : ${prods}" th:class="${prodStat.odd}? 'odd'">
    <td th:text="${prod.name}">Onions</td>
    <td th:text="${prod.price}">2.41</td>
    <td th:text="${prod.inStock}? #{true} : #{false}">yes</td>
  </tr>

th:each内置迭代状态属性:

注释

普通html注释:
Thymeleaf 注释:

<!--/* This code will be removed at Thymeleaf parsing time! */-->

<!--/*--> 
  <div>
     you can see me only before Thymeleaf processes me!
  </div>
<!--*/-->

<!--/*/
  <div th:text="${...}">
    ...
  </div>
/*/-->

html内联

//不会转义时
<p>The message is "[(${msg})]"</p>
//等价于
<p>The message is "This is <b>great!</b>"</p>

//转义时
<p>The message is "[[${msg}]]"</p>
//等价于
<p>The message is "This is &lt;b&gt;great!&lt;/b&gt;"</p>

//禁用内联
<p th:inline="none">A double array looks like this: [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5]]!</p>

//js内联
<script th:inline="javascript">
    ...
    var username = [[${session.user.name}]];
    ...
</script>


//css内联
<style th:inline="css">
    .[[${classname}]] {
      text-align: [[${align}]];
    }
</style>

片段(Fragment)表达式

Thymeleaf 3.0 引入了一个新的片段表达式。形如:~{commons::footer}。
该特性十分有用(比如解决定义通用的header和footer的问题)
base.html

<head th:fragment="common_header(title,links)">
  <title th:replace="${title}">The awesome application</title>

  <!-- Common styles and scripts -->
  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" th:href="@{/css/awesomeapp.css}">
  <link rel="shortcut icon" th:href="@{/images/favicon.ico}">
  <script type="text/javascript" th:src="@{/sh/scripts/codebase.js}"></script>

  <!--/* Per-page placeholder for additional links */-->
  <th:block th:replace="${links}" />

</head>

main.html

<head th:replace="base :: common_header(~{::title},~{::link})">
  <title>Awesome - Main</title>
  <link rel="stylesheet" th:href="@{/css/bootstrap.min.css}">
  <link rel="stylesheet" th:href="@{/themes/smoothness/jquery-ui.css}">
</head>

片段经常和th:insert or th:replace一起使用

<div th:insert="~{commons :: main}">...</div>

<div th:with="frag=~{footer :: #main/text()}">
  <p th:insert="${frag}">
</div>

~{::selector} or ~{this::selector}引用本模板内的片段

不使用th:fragment定义的片段的情况:

<div id="copy-section">
  &copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
</div>
 <div th:insert="~{footer :: #copy-section}"></div>

th:insert , th:replace , th:include 的区别:

例如:

<footer th:fragment="copy">
&copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
</footer>
<body>
    ...
    <div th:include="footer :: copy"></div>
    <div th:replace="footer :: copy"></div>
</body>

编译后:

<body>
    ...
    <div>
        &copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
    </div>
    <footer>
        &copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
    </footer>
</body>        

可带参数的片段标签

<div th:fragment="frag (onevar,twovar)">
    <p th:text="${onevar}+' - ' +${twovar}">...</p>
</div>
<div th:include="::frag(${value1},${value2})">...</div>
<div th:include="::frag(onevar=${value1},twovalue=${vaule2})"></div>
<div th:include="::frag(twovalue=${vaule2},onevar=${value1})"></div>

即使标签没有定义参数,like this:

<div th:fragment="frag">
...
</div>

我们还是可以用这句:

<div th:include="::frag(onevar=${value1},twovar=${value2})"></div>
//等价于 th:include和th:with
<div th:include="::frag" th:with="onevar=${value1},twovar=${value2}"></div>

内置对象

基本的对象

#ctx: the context object.
#vars: the context variables.
#locale: the context locale.
#request: (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletRequest object.
#response: (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletResponse object.
#session: (only in Web Contexts) the HttpSession object.
#servletContext: (only in Web Contexts) the ServletContext object.

工具对象

#execInfo: information about the template being processed.
#messages: methods for obtaining externalized messages inside variables expressions, in the same way as they would be obtained using #{…} syntax.
#uris: methods for escaping parts of URLs/URIs
#conversions: methods for executing the configured conversion service (if any).
#dates: methods for java.util.Date objects: formatting, component extraction, etc.
#calendars: analogous to #dates, but for java.util.Calendar objects.
#numbers: methods for formatting numeric objects.
#strings: methods for String objects: contains, startsWith, prepending/appending, etc.
#objects: methods for objects in general.
#bools: methods for boolean evaluation.
#arrays: methods for arrays.
#lists: methods for lists.
#sets: methods for sets.
#maps: methods for maps.
#aggregates: methods for creating aggregates on arrays or collections.
#ids: methods for dealing with id attributes that might be repeated (for example, as a result of an iteration).

工具对象的使用方式见:http://www.thymeleaf.org/doc/..., 以下仅仅举几个例子

${#dates.format(date, 'dd/MMM/yyyy HH:mm')}
${#dates.arrayFormat(datesArray, 'dd/MMM/yyyy HH:mm')}
${#dates.listFormat(datesList, 'dd/MMM/yyyy HH:mm')}
${#dates.setFormat(datesSet, 'dd/MMM/yyyy HH:mm')}
${#dates.createNow()}
${#dates.createToday()} //time set to 00:00

${#strings.isEmpty(name)}  //Check whether a String is empty (or null)
${#strings.arrayIsEmpty(nameArr)}
${#strings.listIsEmpty(nameList)}
${#strings.setIsEmpty(nameSet)} 

${#strings.startsWith(name,'Don')}                  // also array*, list* and set*
${#strings.endsWith(name,endingFragment)}           // also array*, list* and set*

${#strings.length(str)}
${#strings.equals(str)}
${#strings.equalsIgnoreCase(str)}
${#strings.concat(str)}
${#strings.concatReplaceNulls(str)}

Thymeleaf 3中的一些变化和特性

  1. 模板变化
    推荐你去掉模板中的 th:inline=“text” 属性。因为在HTML或XML模板中,不再需要该属性去支持文本中内联表达式的特性。

  2. 完整的HTML5 标记支持
    不在强制要求标签闭合,属性加引号等等

  3. 模板类型
    Thymeleaf 3 移除了之前版本的模板类型,新的模板类型为:HTML、XML、TEXT、JAVASCRIPT、CSS、RAW

  4. 文本型模板

    文本型模板使得Thymeleaf可以支持输出CSS、Javascript和文本文件。在你想要在CSS或Javascript文件中使用服务端的变量时;或者想要输出纯文本的内容时。
    在文本模式中使用Thymeleaf的特性,你需要使用一种新的语法,

    例如:

    [# th:each="item : ${items}"]
      - [# th:utext="${item}" /]
    [/]
    var a = [# th:text="${msg}"/];
    

增强的内联机制

现在可无需额外的标签,直接在文本中输出数据:

This product is called [[${product.name}]] and it's great!
var a = [[${msg}]];

项目源码

SpringBoot 教程: https://github.com/lixian13149999/spring-boot-learn

参考:
http://www.thymeleaf.org/doc/...

http://www.thymeleaf.org/doc/...

http://blog.csdn.net/u0127068...

https://www.tianmaying.com/tu...

http://www.thymeleaf.org/doc/...

https://segmentfault.com/a/...

https://www.cnblogs.com/nuo...

https://blog.csdn.net/u0...

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