Level 6 - Unit 1 - Part 2 Listen

Now that you're studying English at a high level, you need to be able to talk about the language itself. One of the biggest areas of confusion for students is the difference between the past tense and the present perfect. The past tense is indicated by use of the past tense marker, represented here by V sub d. Here are some examples of regular verbs and their past tense forms.
既然你现在在学习高级英语，那么你就需要涉及语言本身。对于学生来说，最容易混淆的地方之一是过去时和现在时。过去时由过去时标记（动词V+后缀d）表示。下面是一些规则动词的过去式示例。

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So, as you can see, for regular verbs the past tense form is indicated by the addition of an -ed at the end of the verb. However, some of the most common verbs in English are irregular, so it is important to learn them. Here are some examples.
如你所见，规则动词的过去式是动词词尾加-ed。然而，英语中一些最常见的动词是不规则的，因此学习它们很重要。这里是一些示例。

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Altogether there are over 200 irregular verbs in normal use.
常用的不规则动词总计超过200个。

Many people think that the past tense form only indicates past time. However, that is only one of the possible meanings. The past tense form is also used to express something that is unlikely or imaginary, from the speaker's point of view.
很多人认为过去式只表示过去，其实这只是可能的含义之一。从说话人的角度看，过去式也用来表示不太可能或想象的事情。

Here is an example: "He wishes he had a car." The fact is that he doesn't have a car, so the use of "had" indicates that it isn't real: it's imaginary.
这里有一个例子：“He wishes he had a car.”（他希望有一辆车。）事实是他没有车，所以使用“had”表示它不是真实的：它是想象的。

“If he had a car, he could drive us to school.” Again, he doesn't have a car, so he can't drive us to school." This condition expresses something that isn't a fact. It's a counter-factual condition, which means it goes against what we know or believe.
If he had a car, he could drive us to school.（如果他有车，他可以开车送我们上学。）同样，他没有车，所以他不能开车送我们去学校，这种情况表达的事情不真实。这不符合事实，意味着它违背了我们所知道或相信的。

Look at these two sentences.
看下面两个句子：

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Both sentences are correct, but there is a difference in meaning. In the top sentence, the condition that she waits is more likely from the speaker's point of view. In the bottom sentence, the speaker thinks it's less likely that she's going to wait.
句子都正确，但是意思上有差别。前一句中，从说话者的角度来看，她更可能等待。后一句中，说话者认为她不太可能等待。