精读27：Nothing to sell and nothing
第27篇精读
1：精读原文和译文摘自新概念英语；英英释义来自牛津、朗文及柯林斯词典；
2：新概念英语精读系列旨在通过精读经典教材，夯实英语基础（词汇、长难句、语法点），积攒原汁原味的表达；
3：关注本公众号“transhare翻译”，后台回复“新概念”，可得到新概念电子书及相关音频的获取方式。
新概念精读系列的分享模式有所变动，目的有二：其一每次阅文时间控制在15分钟之内，其二设置每日小打卡共学圈（加入方式见文末）。
变动如下：
第一天分享内容：原文+译文+音频+语篇导读
第二天/第三天分享内容：根据内容划分精读量，每日一两段
*精读注解尽可能详细，让读所获
阅读方法建议：多看几次英语原文，不清楚的地方记下，然后带着这些问题阅读随后的精读注解。
精读注解
①Tramps seem to be the only exception to this general rule.②Beggars almost sell themselves as human beings to arouse the pity of passers-by.③But real tramps are not beggars.④They have nothing to sell and require nothing from others.⑤In seeking independence, they do not sacrifice their human dignity.⑥A tramp may ask you for money, but he will never ask you to feel sorry for him.⑦He has deliberatelychosen to lead the life he leads and is fully aware of theconsequences. ⑧He may never be sure where the next meal is coming from, but he is free fromthe thousands of anxieties which afflict other people.⑨His few material possessions make it possible for him to move from place to place with ease.⑩By having to sleep in the open, hegets far closer tothe world of nature than most of us ever do.⑪He may hunt, beg, or steal occasionally to keep himself alive; he may even, in times of real need, do a little work; but he will never sacrifice his freedom.⑫We often speak oftramps with contempt and put them inthe same class as beggars, but how many of us can honestly say that we have not felt a littleenvious of their simple way of life and their freedom from care?
语篇导读：①流浪汉是个例外。这句话在结构上利用” this general rule”与第一段最后一句相连接，使篇章更加紧凑；②③流浪汉不同于乞丐；④⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨⑩⑪描述流浪汉是如何生活的；⑫我们虽然看不起流浪汉，但内心却羡慕他的无忧无虑。
exception to：表示“对……例外”，例如：But Moran wondered if aphids were an exception to the rule. 但是，莫兰猜想，豌豆蚜虫可能是一个例外。这里说明流浪汉属于另外一个有别于大多数人的群体。【写作推荐】
passer-by：过路人，行人；复数形式：passers-by，如：At least three passers-by witnessed the accident. 至少有三名过路人目击了那次事故。类似的名词复数还有：lookers-on旁观者、brothers-in-law姐夫或妹夫
dignity /'dɪgnɪtɪ/：If you talk about the dignity of people or their lives or activities, you mean that they are valuable and worthy of respect. 尊严，如：They have to be treated well, with dignity. 必须善待申请人，让人有尊严。
deliberately /dɪ'lɪbərətli/：done in a way that is intended or planned故意地，蓄意地，如：He deliberately upset her. 他故意惹她不开心。
be aware of: 意识到，如：Be aware of your dissatisfaction in your life and set a goal to turn it around. 清楚的知道自己对生活有哪些不满，再确立一个目标去逆转它。
consequence /'kɒnsɪkwəns/：something that happens as a result of a particular action or set of conditions后果，如：Many believe that poverty is a direct consequence of overpopulation. 许多人认为贫困是人口过多的直接后果。
be free from：不受……影响，免于，没有，如：We are free from danger.我们处于安全状态。
afflict /ə'flɪkt/：to affect someone or something in an unpleasant way, and make them suffer使受痛苦，折磨，如：a country afflicted by famine 一个饱受饥荒之苦的国家【重点词汇】
【难句解析】His few material possessions make it possible for him to move from place to place with ease. ①此句中it作形式宾语，逻辑宾语是：for…；②with ease：with+抽象名词，作状语，含义：if you do something with ease, it is very easy for you to do it轻易，毫不费劲，如：They won with ease. 他们轻松获胜。
【难句解析】By having to sleep in the open, he gets far closer to the world of naturethan most of us ever do. ①By having to sleep in the open：介词短语，作原因状语；②gets far closer to…than…：比……接近……得多。比较级前面可以加程度副词quite、better、very等。如：She is much better than I.她比我好很多。③do代替get close to the world of nature，避免重复。
He may hunt, beg, or steal occasionally to keep himself alive; he may even, in times of real need, do a little work; but he will never sacrifice his freedom.本句采取排比的手法，层层推进流浪汉的生活方式。
in times of real need：确实需要的时候
speak of：谈到；论及，如：To speak of his death so regardlessly, wounded her feelings.这样不经意地谈到他的死，伤了她的感情。【写作推荐】
contempt /kən'tem(p)t/：a feeling that someone or something is not important and deserves no respect轻蔑，轻视，鄙视，如：The contempt he felt for his fellow students was obvious. 他对同学的蔑视是显而易见的。【重点词汇】
put …in…：把……归入……，如：We put tomatoes in vegetables.我们把西红柿归入蔬菜。
envious /'envɪəs/：wanting something that someone else has羡慕的；妒忌的，搭配：feel/be envious of，如：Colleagues were envious of her success. 同事都羡慕她的成功。
Summary writing
用不多于80个单词描述流浪汉的生活。（摘自新概念英语教师用书新版3）
Unlike beggars, real tramps have nothing to sell and require nothing from others. Although they seek independence, they will not sacrifice their human dignity. They choose their own way of life and are aware of the consequences. They may not know where the next meal is coming from, but they do not have the worries that others have. They can travel easily because they have few possessions and when they sleep in the open, they are close to nature.
完结
感谢阅读
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