SQL语句查询大全
sql语句学习全攻略
创建表
1、创建student和score表
CREATE or REPLACE TABLE student (
id INT(10) NOT NULL UNIQUE PRIMARY KEY ,
name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL ,
sex VARCHAR(4) ,
birth YEAR,
department VARCHAR(20) ,
address VARCHAR(50)
);
CREATE or REPLACE TABLE score (
id INT(10) NOT NULL UNIQUE PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT ,
stu_id INT(10) NOT NULL ,
c_name VARCHAR(20) ,
grade INT(10)
);
2、为student表和score表增加记录
#向student表插入记录:
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 901,'张老大', '男',1985,'计算机系', '北京市海淀区');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 902,'张老二', '男',1986,'中文系', '北京市昌平区');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 903,'张三', '女',1990,'中文系', '湖南省永州市');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 904,'李四', '男',1990,'英语系', '辽宁省阜新市');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 905,'王五', '女',1991,'英语系', '福建省厦门市');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 906,'王六', '男',1988,'计算机系', '湖南省衡阳市');
#向score表插入记录:
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901, '计算机',98);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901, '英语', 80);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, '计算机',65);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, '中文',88);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,903, '中文',95);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904, '计算机',70);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904, '英语',92);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,905, '英语',94);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906, '计算机',90);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906, '英语',85);
数据检索-单表查询
1、查询student表的所有记录
SELECT * FROM student;
1、查询student表的第2条到4条记录
SELECT * FROM student LIMIT 1,3;
说明:
LIMIT 子句可以被用于强制 SELECT 语句返回指定的记录数。LIMIT 接受一个或两个数字参数。参数必须是一个整数常量。如果给定两个参数,第一个参数指定第一个返回记录行的偏移量,第二个参数指定返回记录行的最大数目。初始记录行的偏移量是 0(而不是 1)
1、从student表查询所有学生的学号(id)、姓名(name)和院系(department)的信息
SELECT id,name,department FROM student;
1、从student表中查询计算机系和英语系的学生的信息
SELECT *
FROM student
WHERE department IN ('计算机系','英语系');
1、从student表中查询年龄18~22岁的学生信息
SELECT id,name,sex,2018-birth AS age,
department,address
FROM student
WHERE 2018-birth BETWEEN 18 AND 22;
SELECT id,name,sex,2018-birth AS age,
department,address
FROM student
WHERE 2018-birth>=18 AND 2018-birth<=22;
1、从student表中查询每个院系有多少人
SELECT department, COUNT(id)
FROM student
GROUP BY department;
1、从score表中查询每个科目的最高分
SELECT c_name,MAX(grade)
FROM score
GROUP BY c_name;
1、计算每个考试科目的平均成绩
SELECT c_name,AVG(grade)
FROM score GROUP BY c_name;
1、将计算机考试成绩按从高到低进行排序
SELECT stu_id, grade
FROM score
WHERE c_name= '计算机'
ORDER BY grade DESC;
desc 降序排列 esc:升序排列
1、查询student表中学生的学号、姓名、年龄、院系和籍贯并且按照年龄从小到大的顺序排列
select student.id,name,2017-birth,department,address
from student
where 2017-birthORDER BY 2017-birth
1、查询score表中学生的学号、考试科目和成绩并且按照成绩从高到低的顺序排列。
select score.stu_id,c_name,grade
from score
ORDER BY grade DESC
数据检索-多表查询
1、查询李四的考试科目(c_name)和考试成绩(grade)
SELECT c_name, grade
FROM score
WHERE
stu_id=(SELECT id
FROM student
WHERE name= '李四' );
1、用连接的方式查询所有学生的信息和考试信息
SELECT student.id,name,sex,birth,
department,address,c_name,grade
FROM student,score
WHERE student.id=score.stu_id;
作业:左连接右链接,内连接和外链接的区别。
1、计算每个学生的总成绩
SELECT student.id,name,SUM(grade)
FROM student,score
WHERE student.id=score.stu_id
GROUP BY id;
1、查询计算机成绩低于95的学生信息
SELECT * FROM student
WHERE id IN
(SELECT stu_id FROM score
WHERE c_name="计算机" and grade<95);
1、查询同时参加计算机和英语考试的学生的信息
SELECT * FROM student
WHERE
id =ANY( SELECT stu_id
FROM score
WHERE stu_id IN (
SELECT stu_id FROM
score WHERE c_name= '计算机')
AND c_name= '英语' );
SELECT a.* FROM student a ,score b ,score c
WHERE
a.id=b.stu_id
AND b.c_name='计算机'
AND a.id=c.stu_id
AND c.c_name='英语';
1、从student表和score表中查询出学生的学号,然后合并查询结果
SELECT id FROM student
UNION
SELECT stu_id FROM score;
1、查询姓张或者姓王的同学的姓名、院系和考试科目及成绩
SELECT student.id, name,sex,birth,
department, address, c_name,grade
FROM student, score
WHERE
(name LIKE '张%' OR name LIKE '王%')
AND
student.id=score.stu_id ;
1、查询都是湖南的学生的姓名、年龄、院系和考试科目及成绩
SELECT student.id, name,sex,birth,department, address, c_name,grade
FROM student, score
WHERE address LIKE '湖南%' AND
student.id=score.stu_id;