Vol. 1 Vocabulary Builder 4
Vol. 1 《剑16》Academic Test4 Reading Passage 2
Changes in Reading Habits
What are the implications of the way we read today?
Paragraph 1
Look around on your next plane trip. The iPad is the new pacifier for babies and toddlers. Younger school-aged children read stories on smartphones; older kids don’t read at all, but hunch over video games. Parents and other passengers read on tablets or skim a flotilla of email and news feeds. Unbeknown to most of us, an invisible, game-changing transformation links everyone in this picture; the neuronal circuit that underlines the brain’s ability to read is subtly, rapidly changing and this has implications for everyone from the pre-reading toddler to the expert adult.
01
neuronal circuit 神经回路
neuronal/njʊəˈrəun.əl/adj.神经元的
[词汇拓展] neuron n. 神经元
circuit /'sɜːkɪt/ n.电路;回路;一圈; v. 环行
[词汇拓展]
a circuit board 电路板
a short circuit/short circuits 短路
p.s. You know what? This one is just above/over my head.(理解不了…)
02
underline /ʌndə'laɪn/ v.在…下划线;强调 (=underscore)
Look familiar? Yes!Word文档工具栏里的下划线图标。
[合成词]
① under prep.(介词)低于;在…之下; adv. 在下方 adj. 下面的;
[词汇拓展]
under attack 受到攻击
underlip 下嘴唇 (=bottom lip/ lower lip)
upper lip上嘴唇
猜一猜:keep a stiff upper lip是什么意思?(stiff adj.僵直的;僵硬的)
(“我知道你想念你的前女友,但请努力保持冷静!”)
类似表达:Chest out, and chin up!
字面意思:挺胸,抬头!
引申义:临危不乱,保持镇定。
② line n. 线;排 v. 划线于…;排成一列
[词汇拓展]
line up v. 排队
cross the line 越界
So what do you think? Cross the line or Not?
It’s better to cross the line and suffer the consequences than to just stare at the line for the rest of your life.
—Yosr El Dakhs
“与其余生只盯着那条线什么也不做,不如跨过它去承担无论怎样的结果。”
03
the ability to do sth. 做某事的能力
[词汇拓展]
able /'eɪb(ə)l/ adj.能够…的;得以…的;有才干的
be able to do sth. 有能力做某事
[后缀] -able 形容词后缀,“能够…”
e.g. affordable 支付得起的
reasonable adj. 合理的;公道的
(reason n. 理由;原因 v. 推理;思考 reason+able能够推理的)
unable adj. 不会的,不能胜任的
[前缀] un-否定前缀,在形容词前表“不”
be unable to do sth. 没有能力胜任某事
disable v. 使残废;使失去能力;使失去资格
[前缀] dis-否定前缀,表“相反、相对;夺去”
disabled adj. 残疾的;有残缺的
disability n. 无能力;残疾
04
subtly /'sʌtli/adv. 敏锐地;精巧地;
[词汇拓展]
subtle adj. 微妙的;难以捉摸的;狡猾的;敏感的,有辨别力的
<小贴士> 大多数情况下,形容词变副词,直接在形容词后加后缀-ly,如great-greatly。但也有特殊情况,例如:
①形容词以辅音字母+y结尾,需变y为i,再加-ly,如happy-happily;
②少数以-e结尾的形容词,需要去-e再加-ly,如true-truly;
③以-le结尾的形容词,一般情况下去-e再加-y,如possible-possibly, probable-probably;
④形容词以-ic结尾的,变副词通常加-ally,如energetic-energetically;
⑤以-ll结尾的形容词变副词时,加-y,如full-fully。
[趣味拓展]
wikiHow里有一篇文章How to Flirt Subtly(《如何巧妙地撩女/男生》),总结而言,分三步:
① Flirting with Eye Contact 用眼神撩
② Flirting with Body Language 用肢体语言撩
③ Becoming a Flirtatious Conversationalist 成为会撩的健谈者
p.s. flirting属于中性词,中文翻译“调情”则实锤贬义。其实,flirting文化的演变很能反映西方文化由保守内敛到自由表达的转变,我们可以从很多文学作品和影视作品里窥见一斑。
过去,flirt确实多为贬义,例如在毛姆在小说The Painted Veil(《面纱》)里写到轻佻的Kitty时,和简•奥斯汀在Pride and Prejudice(《傲慢与偏见》)里写到轻浮无知的Lydia和Kitty时,都反复使用到了这个词。
但是,喜欢看美剧的朋友会发现,现在的年轻人会常把flirt挂在嘴边,这和中文的“撩”近似,但也有一点区别。
“撩”多少带着点调侃和玩世不恭的意思,但flirt一般和crush(心动)联系在一起,即还没到喜欢的程度,处在暧昧阶段,需要试探对方的意思。
当然,flirt也可以是贬义,主要看flirting的人是谁,如果是Kris Wu……
05
rapidly /'ræpidli/ adv.迅速地;立即
[词汇拓展]
同义词(synonyms) :quickly, swiftly, speedily, hastily, hurriedly, expeditiously, briskly, promptly…
反义词(antonyms)
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