英汉语言的差异（笔记）
■英语常用非人称主语
1.Words fail me.
2.Not a sound reached our ears.
3.A great elation came over them .
他们欣喜若狂。
4.Alarm began to take entire possession of him.
他开始变得惊恐万状。
5.Your name obstinately escapes
me.
6.Sleep did not visit him although the silence of a dead that world was on the jungle.
他还是毫无睡意……
7.发怒之后，我不难过也不后悔。
Neither sorrow nor regret followed my passionate outburst.
我觉得有三分惆怅三分无奈，然而思之又觉释然。
8.A touch of frustration and helplessness comes over me, but a second thought brings me relieved calm.
9.A chill from within fills me with dread.
心里一阵凄凉，不禁感到毛骨悚然。
10.The satisfaction of Miss Bennet's mind gave such a glow of sweet animation to her face.
贝内特小姐心满意足，不禁桃腮泛晕，露出一丝激动的神情来。
Dusk found the little girl crying in the street.
黄昏时分，人们发现这个小女孩在上哭泣。
A little flattery will fetch him.
■把非人称主语句换成汉语的无主句。
The mastery of a language requires painstaking effort.
要掌握一门语言，必须下苦功夫。
■把非人称主语句换成汉语的状语/介词短语。
March 1940 found me working in a small construction firm.
1940年3月,我在一家小型建筑公司工作。
The news that greeted us in Canton, and our visits later to various places turned anxiety into joy.
通过在广州所听到的消息，以及随后在中国各地的参观访问，我们的焦虑已转为喜悦。
■把非人性主义转化为汉语的外位成分。(翻译为“这”)
His knowledge of applied science will stand him in good stead.
他懂得应用科学，这对他很有利。
stand sb. in good stead
对……有好处
one, there be也有非人称倾向
英语的非人称倾向反映了西方人的客体意识。
西方哲学思维方式，本质上是理性主义的，理性有客观性的特征，表现为主客分明。
汉语的人称倾向反映了中国人的主体意识。
■主动形式表被动意义。
This kind of clothes washes very well.(=can be washed)
这种布很耐洗。
The room filled rapidly.(=was filled)
房间很快就已经满了。
She dresses beautifully(=is dressed)
■汉语用主动式
It's poorly done
这件事做得不好。
it is well done
这件事做得好。
it was done
这事已做了。
■It 做形式主义
It never occurs to me that she was so dishonest.
汉语用转换式来表达被动意义。
“为…所”
她为花言巧语所陶醉。
She is intoxicated with sweet words.
“是…的”
这些产品是我国制造的。
These products are made in our country.
"…的是"
推荐我的是一位教授。
I was recommended by a professor.
■英语中善用名词
用名词表示施事者代替动词
他能吃能睡。
He is a good eater and a good sleeper.
那男孩可真会捣乱。
That boy is a master complicator.
过去我也常常有点喜欢胡思乱想。
I used to be a bit of fancier myself.
你们今天老是看着钟表等待下班啊。
You're all clock-watchers today.
最令人惊讶的是
The real shocker was that…
名词代替形容词
generation gap
名词优势造成介词优势
他在读书。
He is at his books.
他有人给他撑腰。
He has someone behind him.
说完这些话，她便走开了。
With these words, she went away.
名词+介词，弱化动词/形容词/其他词含义，增强静态感。
eg:
give rise to=arouse
用形容词/副词表达动词的意义。
I am doubtful whether he is still alive.(doubt, live)
He will be in soon.
He will be home in half an hour.
动词连用
他想办法摆脱了困境。
He thought his way out of the dilemma.
动词词组可以充当汉语句子的各种成分。
实现理想境界要靠辛勤劳动。
To translate ideals into reality needs hard work.
笔记来自于《英汉比较研究》
