褚遂良《伊阙碑》欣赏(附释文),相当齐全!
唐褚遂良《伊阙碑》,由岑文本撰文。又名“伊阙佛龛碑”或“褚遂良碑”,篆额题《伊阙佛龛之碑》。贞观十五年(公元641年)刻于河南省洛阳龙门石窟壁宾阳洞内。碑高5米、宽近2米。共32行,计1600余字。下图底本为现藏国家图书馆宋拓本(明何氏清森阁本)。伊阙佛龛之碑原是北魏宣武帝为孝文帝、文昭皇后开凿功德窟的发愿碑文,被魏王李泰抹去原碑文,重新刻于唐贞观十五年。
文中又对皇后的美德和李泰的孝心大加赞扬。据史书记载,李泰阴谋夺取太子李承乾的宝座,借此造像,表达“潜有夺嫡之意”的政治用心。
李泰是唐太宗李世民的第四子,被封为魏王,聪慧过人,得到唐太宗的宠爱,每次受到赏赐都比太子李承乾高出一截,久而久之,李泰心中欲壑难平,开始觊觎皇嗣之位。贞观十年,长孙皇后因病去世,李世民陷入深深的悲痛之中,魏王李泰便借此机会,请求出巨资为母亲在龙门山开窟造像。为了加快工程进度,他从北魏皇室开凿未完工的宾阳南洞入手,在原来已初具规模的基础上雕刻出主佛、弟子和胁侍菩萨像,再配合以浮雕和线刻,并在完工之后,请当时著名的大书法家褚遂良书丹,镌刻了洋洋洒洒1800多字的造像题记,使用大量篇幅去歌颂长孙皇后的“懿德”,以博取“纯孝”的美名来争得李世民欢心。
康有为曾评价此碑“清虚高简”,刘熙载高赞此碑“兼有欧虞之胜”,是中国石窟寺中现存最大的摩崖碑刻。
释文:
夫藏室、延阁之旧典,蓬莱、宛委之遗文。其教始于六经,其流分于百氏,莫不美天地为广大,嘉富贵为崇高。备物致用,则上圣(存其)发育,御气乘云,则列仙体其变化。兹乃尽域中之事业,殚方外之天府。 击表而称笃论,眇帝先而谓穷神。岂非徇淼漫于陷井者,未从海若而泳天(池)也;矜峻极于塊阜者,未讬山祗而窥地轴也。乌识夫无边慧日,垂鸿晖于四衢;无相法宝,韫善价于三藏。泊乎出(形)器之外,寂焉超筌蹄之表。三界方于禹跡也,犹大林之匹豪端;四天视于侯服也,若龙宫之方蜗舍。升彼岸而捨六度,则周孔尚溺于(沉)沦,证常乐而捐一乘,则松乔莫追其轨辙。由是见真如之寂灭,悟俗谛之幻化。八儒三墨之所称,其人填(丘)陇矣;柱史、园吏之所述,其(言)犹糠粃矣。若夫七觉开绪,八正分涂,离生灭而降灵,排 色空而现相。唯妙也,掩室以标其实;唯神也,降魔以显其权。故登十号而御六天,绝智于无形之地;遗三明而冥五道,应物于有为之域。是以慈悲所及,跨恒沙而同跬步;业缘既启,积僧祗而比崇朝。故能使百亿日月,荡无明于大夜;三千世界, 法云与下土,然则功成道树,非练金之初;迹灭坚林,岂断筹之末?功既成,俟奥典而垂范,迹既灭,假灵仪而图妙。是以载雕金玉,阐其化于迦维;载饰丹青,发其(善)于震旦。绳绳乎方便之力至矣!魏魏乎饶益之义大矣!文德皇后道高轩曜,德配坤仪,淑圣表于无壃,柔明极于光大。沙麓蕃祉,涂山发祥。来翼家邦,嗣徽而赞王(业);聿修阴教,正位而叶帝图。求贤显重轮之明,逮下彰厚载之德。忠谋著于房闼,孝敬申于宗祀。至诚所感,清 魄于上;至柔所被,荡震胜于下。(碑文片段)
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