Android学习笔记(3)-四大组件之Service的使用

2020-02-28  本文已影响0人  非典型程序猿

今天写博客时间有点晚了,主要是因为下午在写Service使用Demo的时候遇到了一些问题,那么接下来就开始分析Service的使用和生命周期吧~

实际使用

我写了一个简单的demo,包含了Service的两种启动方式,我先贴出源码和运行截图.文件总共有ServiceActivity.java,MyService.java,activity_service.xml,style.xml四个文件,在日志的打印中我没有使用复杂的接口,直接使用了静态方法的方式打印了数据,这种方式仅仅只能在单个Activity的demo中使用,切记不要在实际开发中这样操作,不然你会非常容易地遇到空指针~
ServiceActivity.java

import android.app.ActivityManager;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.Message;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ScrollView;
import android.widget.TextView;

import com.txVideo.demo.service.MyService;
import java.util.List;

public class ServiceActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {
    public static final String TAG = "ServiceActivity";
    private Button startBtn;
    private Button stopBtn;
    private Button bindBtn;
    private Button unbindBtn;
    private Button clearBtn;
    private static ScrollView logScrollView;
    private static TextView logTextView;
    private static StringBuffer logStringBuffer = new StringBuffer();
    private MyService myService = new MyService();
    private MyConnection conn = new MyConnection();
    private boolean isBinding ;
    public static Handler mHandler = new Handler(){
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message message){
            log();
        }
    };

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_service);
        initView();
    }
    public void initView(){
        startBtn = findViewById(R.id.start_service_btn);
        stopBtn = findViewById(R.id.stop_service_btn);
        bindBtn = findViewById(R.id.bind_service_btn);
        unbindBtn = findViewById(R.id.unbind_service_btn);
        clearBtn = findViewById(R.id.service_clear_btn);
        logScrollView = findViewById(R.id.service_log_scroll);
        logTextView = findViewById(R.id.service_log);
        startBtn.setOnClickListener(this);
        stopBtn.setOnClickListener(this);
        bindBtn.setOnClickListener(this);
        unbindBtn.setOnClickListener(this);
        clearBtn.setOnClickListener(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        switch (v.getId()){
            case R.id.start_service_btn:
                //startService方式打开
                Intent myServiceIntent1 = new Intent(this,MyService.class);
                startService(myServiceIntent1);
                break;
            case R.id.stop_service_btn:
                //stopService方式关闭
                if(!isServiceRunning(this,MyService.class.getName())){
                    sendMessageForLog("服务未运行------");
                    break;
                }
                Intent myServiceIntent2 = new Intent(this,MyService.class);
                stopService(myServiceIntent2);
                break;
            case R.id.bind_service_btn:
                if( isBinding && isServiceRunning(this,MyService.class.getName())){
                    sendMessageForLog("服务已经绑定------");
                    break;
                }
                Intent bindService = new Intent(this,MyService.class);
                //通过绑定的方式开启service
                //使用bindService 开启反服务
                //参数 1. intent 包含要启动的service
                //2.   ServiceConnection接口 通过它可以接受服务开启或者停止的消息
                //3.开启服务时操作的选项 一般传入BIND_AUTO_CREATE自动创建service
                bindService(bindService, conn, BIND_AUTO_CREATE);//绑定存在自动创建
                break;
            case R.id.unbind_service_btn:
                //解绑
                if(isServiceRunning(this,MyService.class.getName()) && isBinding){
                    unbindService(conn);
                    isBinding = false ;
                    sendMessageForLog("服务已解绑------");
                    break;
                }
                if(!isServiceRunning(this,MyService.class.getName())){
                    sendMessageForLog("服务未运行------");
                    break;
                }
                if(!isBinding){
                    sendMessageForLog("服务运行但未绑定------");
                    break;
                }

                break;
            case R.id.service_clear_btn:
                sendMessageForLog("");
                break;
        }
    }

    public static void  log(){
        logTextView.setText(logStringBuffer.toString());
        logScrollView.post(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                logScrollView.fullScroll(View.FOCUS_DOWN);
            }
        });
    }
    /**
     * 发送消息,在主线程里更新UI
     */
    public static void sendMessageForLog(String s){
        if("".equals(s)){
            logStringBuffer.delete(0,logStringBuffer.length());
        }else {
            logStringBuffer.append(s+"\n");
        }
        Message message = new Message();
        Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
        bundle.putString("data",logStringBuffer.toString());
        mHandler.sendMessage(message);
    }
    private class MyConnection implements ServiceConnection {

        @Override//当服务与Activity 连接时建立
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
            //只有当service onbind方法返回值不为null 调用
            sendMessageForLog("服务已经绑定------onServiceConnected()");
            isBinding = service.isBinderAlive();
        }

        @Override
        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
            Log.e("TAG", "onServiceDisconnected");
            sendMessageForLog("服务已经断开绑定------onServiceConnected()");
        }

    }

    /**
     * 校验服务是否还存在
     */
    public static boolean isServiceRunning(Context context, String serviceName){
        // 校验服务是否还存在
        ActivityManager am = (ActivityManager) context
                .getSystemService(Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE);
        List<ActivityManager.RunningServiceInfo> services = am.getRunningServices(100);
        for (ActivityManager.RunningServiceInfo info : services) {
            // 得到所有正在运行的服务的名称
            String name = info.service.getClassName();
            if (serviceName.equals(name)) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

}

MyService.java

public class MyService extends Service {
    public static final String TAG = "MyService";
    private LocalBinder mBinder = new LocalBinder();
    @Nullable
    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        ServiceActivity.sendMessageForLog("服务已经绑定------onBind()");
        return mBinder;
    }
    @Nullable
    @Override
    public void unbindService(ServiceConnection serviceConnection){
        ServiceActivity.sendMessageForLog("服务已解除绑定------unbindService()");
        super.unbindService(serviceConnection);
    }
    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        ServiceActivity.sendMessageForLog("服务已经创建------onCreate()");
        super.onCreate();
    }

    @Override
    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
        ServiceActivity.sendMessageForLog("服务已经开启------onStartCommand()");
        ServiceActivity.sendMessageForLog("服务已经开启------flags:"+flags);
        ServiceActivity.sendMessageForLog("服务已经开启------startId:"+startId);
        return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
    }
    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        ServiceActivity.sendMessageForLog("服务已经关闭------onDestroy()");
        super.onDestroy();
    }

    public class LocalBinder extends Binder{
        public MyService getservices(){
            return MyService.this;
        }
    }

布局文件activity_service.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context=".BroadcastActivity">
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/start_service_btn"
        style="@style/MyStyle"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="startService"
        android:textAllCaps="false"/>
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/stop_service_btn"
        style="@style/MyStyle"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="stopService"
        android:textAllCaps="false"/>
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/bind_service_btn"
        style="@style/MyStyle"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="bindService"
        android:textAllCaps="false"/>
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/unbind_service_btn"
        style="@style/MyStyle"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="unbindService"
        android:textAllCaps="false"/>
    <ScrollView
        android:id="@+id/service_log_scroll"
        style="@style/MyStyle"
        android:layout_height="0dp"
        android:layout_weight="1">
        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/service_log"
            android:paddingLeft="10dp"
            android:paddingTop="10dp"
            android:paddingRight="10dp"
            android:gravity="center_vertical"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>
    </ScrollView>
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/service_clear_btn"
        style="@style/MyStyle"
        android:layout_marginBottom="10dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="清空日志"/>
</LinearLayout>

style.xml文件

<resources>
<!-- Base application theme. -->
<style name="AppTheme" parent="Theme.AppCompat.Light.DarkActionBar">
    <item name="android:windowNoTitle">true</item>
</style>
<style name="MyStyle">
    <item name="android:layout_marginLeft">10dp</item>
    <item name="android:layout_marginTop">10dp</item>
    <item name="android:layout_marginRight">10dp</item>
    <item name="android:layout_width">match_parent</item>
</style>
</resources>

绑定情况的运行截图为:


Screenshot_2020-02-28-17-31-08-35.png

这个demo包含了两种方式以及组合使用的情况,有兴趣的小伙伴可以copy使用查看生命周期的变化,使用的过程看一下demo程序大家应该就有所了解了,先简单梳理一下正常使用状态下的Service生命周期:

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