《语法俱乐部》

《语法俱乐部》| 第十八章:名词从句的简化

2017-07-12  本文已影响22人  唐鱼的学习探索
目  录

名词从句的简化与其他词类的简化相同,都是省略主语与be动词。现在分别就Ving和to V这两种补语形态进行探讨:

一、Ving形式补语


如果名词从句中没有be动词、助动词一律把动词变成-ing形式。

① 主语位置

That I drink good wine with friends is my greatest enjoyment.

这一句中名词从句在主语的位置想要省略掉,由于没有be动词、助动词,省略主语I和连接词that以后,就只有将动词变成drinking形式:

Drinking good wine with friends is my greatest enjoyment.

② 宾语位置

Many husbands enjoy that they do the cooking.

这一句中宾语位置的名词从句they与husbands重复,省略掉that they以后,动词do只有改写成doing形式:

Many husbands enjoy doing the cooking.

③ 介系词的宾语

句1:He got used to something.

句2:He worked late into the night.

整个句2的内容就是句1中的something,在进行连接的时候不能直接放入that he worked late into the night是因为something前面是介词to,不能直接放名词从句作宾语,只有先进行省略,将动词worked变成working形式:

He got used to working late into the night.

④ 主语不能省略

1> 改成s+v+o+c的句型

使用这种方式必须要保证名词从句位于宾语位置,且主句可以改成上述句型:

I imagined that a beautiful girl was singing to me.

这里如果省略掉主语a beautiful girl和be动词、连接词that以后,句子的意思就会改变。我们只有改成:

I imagined a beautiful girl singing to me.

2> 用所有格来处理

That he calls my girlfriend every day is too much for me.

这里如果直接省略掉that he将动词calls改写成calling形式,就会造成表达的意思不同,只有加入所有格形式:

His calling my girlfriend every day is too much for me.

3> 加介词

I am worried  that my son lies all the time.

因为从句中的my son与主句中的I不同,不能单纯的省略,只有加入介词about,然后变成所有格的形式:

I am worried about my son's lying all the time.

⑤ 如何处理被动语态

被动语态如果省略主语和be动词,剩下的补语是Ven形容词类,无法取代原有的名词从句:

That anyone is called a liar is the greatest insult.

如果将That any one is省略掉将动词called改成calling形式,句子的被动语态就荡然无存了。我们只有使用下面的形式:

Being called a liar is the greatest insult.

⑥ 动词是be动词

That one is a teacher requires a lot of patience.

动词是be动词is,如果一同省略就没有做的意思了,改写成being的形式:

Being a teacher requires a lot of patience.

二、to V形式补语


名词从句的简化,如果有助动词,就会变成to V的形式

① 主语不适合省略

名词从句的主语如果与主句不重复,就不能简单的省略掉。要设法保留从句的主语,放于主句的宾语位置上。

I want that you should go.

首先改写成to V的形式

I want that you are to go.

然后省略be动词,将you放于宾语位置:

I want you to go.

② 由疑问词改写的名词从句

I don't know what I should do.

这里的名词从句,可以省略掉主语I,将助动词should改写成to do的形式,但疑问连接词what不可省略:

I don't know what to do.

这是由于疑问词通常是有意义的词语,不同于that的单纯连接功能。所以不能省略掉。

三、to V与Ving形式的比较


如果判断出名词从句中有不确定语气,或者能看出原来应该有助动词,就会简化成to V的形式。如果只是当做一件事情来谈,是确定的语气,就没有助动词,简化成为Ving形式。

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