Spring由Bean出发的使用及相关核心功能

2020-03-02 本文已影响0人在前行路上的奔跑

一、Spring工程的创建

1、环境预设

Maven
JDK1.8
Spring5.1.7
Idea

2、项目创建

1.使用Idea构建一个普通Maven项目

2.引入Spring5.1.7，详细看下面pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.wh.spring</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-vip-ioc</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.7.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

3、创建Spring配置文件

在项目resources里创建applicationContext.xml，内容如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    
</beans>

二、Spring初始化的几种方式

1.默认为项目工作路径，及项目的根目录

ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");

2.使用前缀file，表示文件的绝对路径

ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("file:D:/applicationContext.xml");

3.加载多个配置文件

String[] xmlCfg = new String[] {"applicationContext.xml", "file:D:/applicationContext.xml"};
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(xmlCfg);

4.通配符加载

ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-*.xml");

5.没有前缀：默认为项目的classpath下相对路径

ApplicationContext context = new FileSystemXmlApplicationContext("/src/main/resources/spring-1.xml");

6.使用前缀file，表示文件的绝对路径

ApplicationContext context = new FileSystemXmlApplicationContext("file:D:/spring-1.xml");

7.加载多个配置文件

String[] xmlCfg = new String[] {"file:D:/spring-1.xml", "classpath:spring-2.xml"};
        ApplicationContext context = new FileSystemXmlApplicationContext(xmlCfg);

8.通配符加载

ApplicationContext context = new FileSystemXmlApplicationContext("classpath:spring-*.xml");

9.注解初始化（完成无xml化）

创建带有@Configuration的spring配置类，来代替applicationContext.xml

package org.wh.spring.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.wh.spring.model.User;

@Configuration
public class SpringApplicationConfig {

    @Bean("user2")
    public User getUser() {
        User user = new User();
        user.setName("小明");
        user.setAge(20);
        return user;
    }
}

加载测试

package org.wh.spring;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
import org.wh.spring.config.SpringApplicationConfig;
import org.wh.spring.model.User;

/**
 * 主入口
 */
public class ApplicationContextMain {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringApplicationConfig.class);
        User user = (User) context.getBean("user2");
        System.out.println(user);
        System.out.println(context);
    }

}

10.使用@ImportResource读取配置文件

package org.wh.spring.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.ImportResource;

@ImportResource("spring-1.xml")
public class SpringApplicationConfig {

}

spring-1.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="order" name="order" class="org.wh.spring.model.Order">
        <property name="orderNumber" value="10011001100"></property>
        <property name="price" value="21.00"></property>
    </bean>

</beans>

测试

package org.wh.spring;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
import org.wh.spring.config.SpringApplicationConfig;
import org.wh.spring.model.Order;
import org.wh.spring.model.User;

/**
 * 主入口
 */
public class ApplicationContextMain {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringApplicationConfig.class);
        Order order = (Order) context.getBean("order");
        System.out.println(order);
        System.out.println(context);
    }

}

类图预览

Spring提供的两种容器类型，ApplicationContext和BeanFactory区别

两者都是用来从容器中获取spring beans的，不同之处在于BeanFactory使用的是懒加载，也就是在我们通过getBean()调用它们时才会进行实例化，而ApplicationContext继承自BeanFactory，与前者不同的在于ApplicationContext在启动时就将所有beans全部实例化了

如何选择使用

因为BeanFactory是懒加载的，在调用时才能实例化，所以对内存消耗比较小，适合对资源有限情况

而ApplicationContext，在ApplicationContext启动时将所有的Bean都加载了，不需要每次调用在实例化使得应用运行速度较之更快

当然，在实际开发应用中ApplicationContext更为常用

三、基于XML的bean初始化及应用

1.Bean属性标签

id

bean的id，需满足XML命名规范
name

bean的name，与id一样，它们都是唯一性的，在配置文件中不允许出现两个
class

指向要初始化的类
property

属性赋值
ref

引用对象
constructor-arg

构造函数，例：<constructor-arg index="1" type="float" value="20.00" />
- index 构造函数中第几个参数
- type 数据类型，基础数据类型直接写，否则写全路径java.lang.String
- value 赋值

2.Bean功能标签

init-method

初始化时调用的方法
destroy-method

销毁时调用的方法
Scope

对象在spring容器（IoC容器）中的生命周期，也可以理解为对象在spring容器中的创建方式
- singleton 单例模式
- prototype 原型模式

3.示例演示

User

package org.wh.spring.model;

public class User {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private Order order;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Order getOrder() {
        return order;
    }

    public void setOrder(Order order) {
        this.order = order;
    }


    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", order=" + order +
                '}';
    }


    public void initMethod() {
        System.out.println("-----------User类初始化方法--------------");
    }

    public void destroyMethod() {
        System.out.println("-----------User类销毁方法--------------");
    }


}

Order

package org.wh.spring.model;

public class Order {
    private String orderNumber;
    private float price;

    public Order(String orderNumber, float price) {
        this.orderNumber = orderNumber;
        this.price = price;
    }

    public String getOrderNumber() {
        return orderNumber;
    }

    public void setOrderNumber(String orderNumber) {
        this.orderNumber = orderNumber;
    }

    public float getPrice() {
        return price;
    }

    public void setPrice(float price) {
        this.price = price;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Order{" +
                "orderNumber='" + orderNumber + '\'' +
                ", price=" + price +
                '}';
    }

}

applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <!-- 用户 -->
    <bean id="user" name="user" class="org.wh.spring.model.User" init-method="initMethod" destroy-method="destroyMethod" scope="prototype">
        <property name="name" value="小明"></property>
        <property name="age" value="6"></property>
        <property name="order" ref="order"></property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 订单 -->
    <bean id="order" name="order" class="org.wh.spring.model.Order">
        <constructor-arg index="0" type="java.lang.String" value="100110001110" />
        <constructor-arg index="1" type="float" value="20.00" />
    </bean>

</beans>

主入口，运行测试

ApplicationContextMain

package org.wh.spring;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import org.wh.spring.model.User;

/**
 * 主入口
 */
public class ApplicationContextMain {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        User user = (User) context.getBean("user");
        System.out.println(user);
        ((ClassPathXmlApplicationContext)context).close();

    }

}

四、基于注解的bean初始化及应用

1.声明Bean注解:

@ Bean

指定为spring的bean
@Component

指定为组件，但无具体角色
@Controller

注册为控制器
@Service

注册为service，逻辑处理层对象
Repository

注册数据访问层对象

2.注入Bean注解

JSR是Java Specification Requests的缩写，意思是Java规范提案

@Autowired

由Spring提供
@Inject

由JSR-330提供
@Resource

由JSR-250提供
@PostConstruct

由JSR-250提供，在构造函数执行完之后执行，等价于xml配置中的bean的initMethod
@PreDestory

由JSR-250提供，在Bean销毁之前执行，等价于xml配置文件的bean的destroyMethod

3.配置类相关注解

@Configuration

声明当前类为配置类，相当于xml形式的Spring配置（类上）
@Bean

注解在方法上，声明当前方法的返回值为一个bean，替代xm中的方式（方法上）
@Value

为属性注入值（支持普通字符、系统属性、表达式结果、其他bean属性等）
@ComponentScan

用于对Component进行扫描，相当于xml中的（类上）
@WishlyConfiguration

为@Configuration与@ComponentScan的组合注解，可以替代这两个注解

3.示例演示

预览一下结构

User

package org.wh.spring.model;

public class User {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private Order order;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Order getOrder() {
        return order;
    }

    public void setOrder(Order order) {
        this.order = order;
    }


    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", order=" + order +
                '}';
    }


    public void initMethod() {
        System.out.println("-----------User类初始化方法--------------");
    }

    public void destroyMethod() {
        System.out.println("-----------User类销毁方法--------------");
    }


}

Order

package org.wh.spring.model;

public class Order {
    private String orderNumber;
    private float price;

    public Order(String orderNumber, float price) {
        this.orderNumber = orderNumber;
        this.price = price;
    }

    public String getOrderNumber() {
        return orderNumber;
    }

    public void setOrderNumber(String orderNumber) {
        this.orderNumber = orderNumber;
    }

    public float getPrice() {
        return price;
    }

    public void setPrice(float price) {
        this.price = price;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Order{" +
                "orderNumber='" + orderNumber + '\'' +
                ", price=" + price +
                '}';
    }

}

Product

package org.wh.spring.model;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;

public class Product {
    @Value("一本小黄书")
    private String productName;

    public String getProductName() {
        return productName;
    }

    public void setProductName(String productName) {
        this.productName = productName;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Product{" +
                "productName='" + productName + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

SpringApplicationConfig

package org.wh.spring.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.wh.spring.model.Product;

@Configuration
public class SpringApplicationConfig {

    @Bean("product")
    public Product getProduct() {
        return new Product();
    }

}

UserService

package org.wh.spring.service;

import org.wh.spring.model.User;

public interface UserService {
    User getUserInfo();
}

UserServiceImpl

package org.wh.spring.service.impl;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.wh.spring.model.User;
import org.wh.spring.service.UserService;

@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {

    @Autowired
    private User user;

    @Override
    public User getUserInfo() {
        return user;
    }
}

UserController

package org.wh.spring.controller;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.wh.spring.model.User;
import org.wh.spring.service.impl.UserServiceImpl;

import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import javax.annotation.PreDestroy;

@Controller
public class UserController {

    @Autowired
    private UserServiceImpl userService;

    public User getUser() {
        return userService.getUserInfo();
    }

    @PostConstruct
    public void initMethod() {
        System.out.println("-----------UserController类初始化方法--------------");
    }

    @PreDestroy
    public void destroyMethod() {
        System.out.println("----------UserController类销毁方法--------------");
    }


}

applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!-- 用户 -->
    <bean id="user" name="user" class="org.wh.spring.model.User" init-method="initMethod" destroy-method="destroyMethod" scope="singleton">
        <property name="name" value="小明"></property>
        <property name="age" value="6"></property>
        <property name="order" ref="order"></property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 订单 -->
    <bean id="order" name="order" class="org.wh.spring.model.Order">
        <constructor-arg index="0" type="java.lang.String" value="100110001110" />
        <constructor-arg index="1" type="float" value="20.00" />
    </bean>

    <context:component-scan base-package="org.wh.spring" ></context:component-scan>

</beans>

运行测试

package org.wh.spring;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import org.wh.spring.controller.UserController;
import org.wh.spring.model.Product;
import org.wh.spring.model.User;

/**
 * 主入口
 */
public class ApplicationContextMain {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        // 获取UserController
        UserController userController = context.getBean(UserController.class);
        User user = userController.getUser();

        System.out.println(user);

        // @Value
        Product product = context.getBean(Product.class);

        System.out.println(product);

        // 关闭
        ((ClassPathXmlApplicationContext)context).close();

    }

}

运行结果

-----------User类初始化方法--------------
-----------UserController类初始化方法--------------
User{name='小明', age=6, order=Order{orderNumber='100110001110', price=20.0}}
Product{productName='一本小黄书'}
----------UserController类销毁方法--------------
-----------User类销毁方法--------------

Spring由Bean出发的使用及相关核心功能

一、Spring工程的创建

1、环境预设

2、项目创建

3、创建Spring配置文件

二、Spring初始化的几种方式

1.默认为项目工作路径，及项目的根目录

2.使用前缀file，表示文件的绝对路径

3.加载多个配置文件

4.通配符加载

5.没有前缀：默认为项目的classpath下相对路径

6.使用前缀file，表示文件的绝对路径

7.加载多个配置文件

8.通配符加载

9.注解初始化（完成无xml化）

10.使用@ImportResource读取配置文件

Spring提供的两种容器类型，ApplicationContext和BeanFactory区别

三、基于XML的bean初始化及应用

1.Bean属性标签

2.Bean功能标签

3.示例演示

四、基于注解的bean初始化及应用

1.声明Bean注解:

2.注入Bean注解

3.示例演示

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