思维导图

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Vocabulary

Spin out of

从……拆分出来

Pioneer

■  noun

a person who is the first to explore or settle a new country or area.

an innovator or developer of new ideas or techniques.

a member of an infantry group preparing roads or terrain for the main body of troops.

■  verb

be a pioneer of.

open up (a road or terrain) as a pioneer.

Stray

1.V.走失

•Tourists often get lost and stray intodangerous areas.

2.ADJ.走失的 (狗或猫)

•A stray dog came up to him.

3.N-COUNT 走失的宠物

•The dog was a stray which had been adopted.

4.V-I(思想或视线) 不集中

•Even with the simplest cases I find my mindstraying.

5.ADJ离群的

•An 8-year-old boy was killed by a straybullet.

Perilously

In a dangerous manner.

perilous: meansfull of or exposed to danger or risk.

1. Some forecasters warn that the U.S. in the coming year will run perilously close to a contraction, too, if it allows existing tax cuts and other stimulus to end this year.

Replicate

If you replicate someone's experiment, work, or research, you do it yourself in exactly the same way. 复制; 重做(试验、工作或研究)

Allay

V-T If you allay someone's fears or doubts, you stop them feeling afraid or doubtful. 消除 (恐惧、疑虑)

He did what he could to allay his wife's myriad fears.

Perception

1.N-COUNT理解; 看法

•He is interested in how our perceptions ofdeath affect the way we live.

2.N-UNCOUNT 洞察力

•It did not require a lot of perception torealize the interview was over.

3.N-COUNT(尤指通过视觉的) 感知

Policy initiatives

政治措施/提案

Tweak

1.to suddenly pull or twist something 捏，拧，扭

•She leant forward and tweaked both ends of his moustache.

2.to make small changes to a machine, vehicle, or system in order to improve the way it works 对〔机器、汽车或系统〕作小小的改进

•Maybe you should tweak a few sentences before you send in the report.

Bear on

Be relevant to

- refer, pertain, relate, concern, come to, touch, touch on, have to do with

Have an effect upon

- affect, impact, bear upon, touch on, touch

Press, drive, or impel (someone) to action or completion of an action

- push

Keep or maintain in unaltered condition; cause to remain or last

- continue, uphold, carry on, preserve

Imminent

ADJ If you say

that something is imminent, especially something unpleasant, you mean it is

almost certain to happen very soon. (尤指不好的事情) 即将发生的

•There appeared no imminent danger.

Nefarious

ADJ If you describe an activity as nefarious, you mean that it is wicked and immoral. 恶毒的;不道德的

•Why make a whole village prisoner if it wasnot to some nefarious purpose?

Incorporate

1.V-T If one thing incorporates another thing, it includes the other thing. 包含

•The new cars will incorporate a number ofmajor improvements.

2.V-T If someone or something is incorporated into a large group, system, or area, they become a part of it. 使并入

•The agreement would allow the rebels to beincorporated into a new national police force.

Trail and error

反复实验、不断摸索

Love like life is an experiment , it moves on through trail and error.

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神句

1.And the approach was lessheavy-handedthan imposing quotas fro poorer pupils, an option previous governments had considered.

这种方式比起政府之前考虑过的为贫穷学生提供配额补助的做法要不那么强硬一些。

2.If BITdid notsave the government at least ten times its running cost, it was to beshut down after two years.

如果BIT不能为政府节省至少十倍的运转费用，它就会在两年后关门大吉。

3.May worried about the idea of bureaucrats being given free rein to shape behaviorby imperceptibly tweaking government communications and environmental cues.

人们可能会担心这将会放任政府官僚用不易察觉的政府宣传和环境暗示来改变公众行为。

4.As long as that choice is made in a transparent manner, and is subject to democratically elected politicians, nudging offers policymakers an alternative to both the nanny state and the unintelligent one; a middle way that he describes as “libertarian paternalism”.

只要这个决定是在公开透明的情况下做出的，并且遵从由民主选举出的政府的管理，那么推动的措施就能为政治家提供在保姆式国家和放养式国家两种模式之外的另一种选择，也就是被他称作“自由的家长式管理”的折中方式。

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神词组

Financial aid 经济援助

Roll out the scheme 开展方案

Spin out of脱离……的控制

Pioneer the use of psychology开拓地使用心理学

The very idea provoked objections   这个想法激起了反对

Mass manipulation  公众操控

Gain ground 占有一席之地；取得进展

Shape brand perception 塑造品牌认知度

Mark the start of a global trend标志着全球性趋势的开端

Centrally directed policy initiatives中央指示的政治方案

Set the desired outcome as the default将预期的结果设为默认值

Opt out选择退出

Tackle corruption整治腐败

一点儿感想

As a behavioral psychology, nudging makes a great difference in educational, commercial and political fields. Regardless of the impact  it may have on the publicy or other vast range, in our life and work, nudging can help us to achieve some certain goals and make things easier. In a way, this article just reminds me that I can use some nudging skills to get problems solved in a favorable way.