4/15day34_request

2020-04-24  本文已影响0人  蹦蹦跶跶的起床啊

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1. servlet概述
        运行在服务器端java小程序
        如果这个java类,想要被浏览器访问到,那么必须直接或间接的实现servlet接口规范
        面向(接口)规范开发
        
2. xml配置servlet【掌握】
        编写普通java类,实现servlet接口,重写抽象方法(service)
        配置web.xml

3. servlet生命周期
    创建?
        1)默认情况下,用户第一次访问时创建
        2)设置创建时机,在服务器启动时创建
    运行?
        用户访问时,执行service方法
    销毁?
        服务器正常关闭时,销毁servlet,执行destroy方法

4. servlet体系结构
        servlet
            |
        genericServlet
            |
        httpServlet
        
5. Servlet3.0
        编写普通java类,继承httpservlet,重写doGet、doPost
        配置@WebServlet("/网络访问地址")

Request

今日目标

1. Request概述

2. reuqest获取请求消息内容
    请求行
    请求头
    请求参数(体)【重点】
    
3. request其他功能
    请求转发
    域对象
    
4. 案例:用户登录

一 Request概述

Request体系结构

        ServletRequest
            |
        HttpServletRequest
            |
        org.apache.catalina.connector.RequestFacade(由tomcat厂商提供实现类)

在javaEE中我们是面向接口编程

二 Request获取Http请求信息

2.1 获取请求行信息

* 例如:
        GET /day09_request/requestDemo1 HTTP/1.1

* 相关API:
    1. 获取请求方式 GET【掌握】
            String getMethod()  
            
    2. 获取项目虚拟路径(项目名)/day09_request【掌握】
            String getContextPath()  
            
    3. 获取URI /day09_request/requestDemo1
            统一资源标识符(范围广)  共和国
            String getRequestURI() 
            
    4. 获取URL http://localhost:8080/day09_request/requestDemo1
            统一资源定位符(确定某一个地址) 中华人民共和国
            StringBuffer getRequestURL()  
            
    5. 获取协议和版本号 HTTP/1.1
            String getProtocol()
            
    6. 获取客户端ip
            String getRemoteAddr()
@WebServlet("/requestDemo1")
public class RequestDemo1 extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // System.out.println(req);
        System.out.println("请求方式:" + req.getMethod());
        System.out.println("虚拟路径:" + req.getContextPath());
        System.out.println("URI:" + req.getRequestURI());
        System.out.println("URL:" + req.getRequestURL());
        System.out.println("协议和版本:" + req.getProtocol());
        System.out.println("客户端ip:" + req.getRemoteAddr());

    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }
}

2.2 获取请求头信息

* 例如:
        Host: localhost:8080
        
* 相关API:
    1. 获取知道请求头名称对应的值,注:名称不区分大小写
            String getHeader(String name)  
            
    2. 获取所有请求头的名称
            Enumeration<String> getHeaderNames()  
            注:是Iterator前身
@WebServlet("/requestDemo2")
public class RequestDemo2 extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 获取所有的请求头名称
        Enumeration<String> enumeration = req.getHeaderNames();
        // 遍历
        while(enumeration.hasMoreElements()){
            // 取出元素名(请求头名称)
            String name = enumeration.nextElement();
            // 根据名称获取值
            String value = req.getHeader(name);
            System.out.println(name +" : "+ value);
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }
}

① 案例:视频防盗链

/*
    视频防盗链
 */
@WebServlet("/refererRequest")
public class RefererRequest extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
        // 1.获取请求来源(如果是浏览器地址直接访问的话,referer就是null)
        String referer = req.getHeader("referer");
        // 2.判断是不是自家网站发起的请求
        if (referer != null && referer.startsWith("http://localhost:8080")) {
            resp.getWriter().write("正常播放视频...");
        }else{
            resp.getWriter().write("想看吗?来优酷吧....");
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }
}

② 案例:浏览器兼容性

/*
    浏览器兼容性
 */
@WebServlet("/userAgentReqeust")
public class UserAgentReqeust extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");

        // 1.获取浏览器版本信息
        String userAgent = req.getHeader("user-agent");
        // 2.判断浏览器版本
        if (userAgent.contains("Chrome")) {
            resp.getWriter().write("浏览器:谷歌");
        } else if (userAgent.contains("Firefox")) {
            resp.getWriter().write("浏览器:火狐");
        } else {
            resp.getWriter().write("浏览器:其他");
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }
}

2.3 获取请求参数(体)【重点....】

* 参数
        username=jack&password=123&hobby=drink&hobby=perm
        
* API
    1. 获取指定参数名的值  username=jack
            String getParameter(String name)
            
    2. 获取指定参数名的值数组  hobby=drink&hobby=perm
            String[] getParameterValues(String name)
    
    3. 获取所有参数名和对应值数组,参数名 name(key),值数组 value,封装map集合
            Map<String,String[]> getParameterMap()
            
            
* 中文乱码【重点】
    get:在tomcat8及以上版本,内部URL编码(UTF-8)
    post:编码解码不一致,造成乱码现象
        客户端(浏览器)编码:UTF-8
        服务器默认     解码:ISO-8859-1 拉丁文
        指定解码:void setCharacterEncoding(String env)
            注:这哥们必须在方法内,行首
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>form</title>

</head>
<body>
<h3>get方式:</h3>
<form action="/day09_request/requestDemo3" method="get">
    用户:<input type="text" name="username"> <br>
    密码:<input type="password" name="password"> <br>
    爱好:
        <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="somke"/>抽烟
        <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="drink"/>喝酒
        <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="perm"/>烫头
    <input type="submit" value="get提交...">
</form>
<h3>post方式:</h3>
<form action="/day09_request/requestDemo3" method="post">
    用户:<input type="text" name="username"> <br>
    密码:<input type="password" name="password"> <br>
    爱好:
    <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="somke"/>抽烟
    <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="drink"/>喝酒
    <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="perm"/>烫头
    <input type="submit" value="post提交...">
</form>
</body>
</html>
@WebServlet("/requestDemo3")
public class RequestDemo3 extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("手动获取---------");
        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        System.out.println("用户:" + username);
        String password = req.getParameter("password");
        System.out.println("密码:" + password);
        String[] hobby = req.getParameterValues("hobby");
        System.out.println("爱好:" + Arrays.toString(hobby));
        System.out.println("自动获取---------");
        Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = req.getParameterMap();
        parameterMap.forEach((k, v) -> {
            System.out.println(k + " = " + Arrays.toString(v));
        });
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 指定post的解码方式....
        req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        System.out.println("post提交方法,再去调用get....");
        this.doGet(req, resp); // 让get小老弟干活...

    }
}

2.4 BeanUtils

① 导入jar包

② 使用工具类封装数据

<h3>BeanUtils测试:</h3>
<form action="/day09_request/requestDemo4" method="post">
    用户:<input type="text" name="username"> <br>
    密码:<input type="password" name="password"> <br>
    爱好:
    <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="somke"/>抽烟
    <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="drink"/>喝酒
    <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="perm"/>烫头
    <input type="submit" value="post提交...">
</form>
@WebServlet("/requestDemo4")
public class RequestDemo4 extends HttpServlet {

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request, response);
    }

    // 使用BeanUtils快速封装数据到 User对象中
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");// 指定解码方式
        // 1.获取所有参数的数据,map集合
        Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = request.getParameterMap();
        // 2.创建user对象
        User user = new User();
        // 3.调用工具类,实现快速封装
        try {
            BeanUtils.populate(user, parameterMap);
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(user);
    }

}

三 Request其他功能

3.1 请求转发

* API
    1. 通过reqeust对象,获得转发器对象
            RequestDispatcher getRequestDispatcher(String path)
            
    2. 通过转发器对象,实现转发功能
            void forward(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response)  
            
* 请求转发特点
    浏览器:发了一次请求
    地址栏:没有发生改变
    只能转发到服务器内部资源....
    
* 链式编程
        request.getRequestDispatcher("/bServlet").forward(reqeust,response)

2.2 域对象(共享数据)

* API
    1. 设置数据
            void setAttribute(String name, Object o)
            
    2. 获取数据
            Object getAttribute(String name)
            
    3. 删除数据
            void removeAttribute(String name)
            
            
* 生命周期
    1. 何时创建?
            用户发送请求时,创建request
    2. 何时销毁
            服务器返回响应是,销毁request
    
    3. 作用范围?
            一次请求,包含多次转发
@WebServlet("/aServlet")
public class AServlet extends HttpServlet {

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request, response);
    }

    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("aServlet处理功能上....");
        // 转发到BServlet
       /* // 1.获得转发器对象   path = @WebServlet("/bServlet")
        RequestDispatcher requestDispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher("/bServlet");
        // 2.实现转发功能
        requestDispatcher.forward(request, response);*/

       // 存一个数据
        request.setAttribute("hanbao", "香辣鸡腿堡");


        // 链式编程横
        request.getRequestDispatcher("bServlet").forward(request, response);
    }

}
@WebServlet("/bServlet")
public class BServlet extends HttpServlet {

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request, response);
    }

    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("bServlet处理功能下....");
        // 获取数据
        String hanbao = (String) request.getAttribute("hanbao");
        System.out.println("hanbao:" + hanbao);
    }

}

2.3 获取ServletContext对象【了解】

通过reuqest,可以获得ServletContext对象

public ServletContext  getServletContext();

四 案例:用户登录

需求

实现用户的登录功能

登录成功跳转到SuccessServlet展示:登录成功!xxx,欢迎您

登录失败跳转到FailServlet展示:登录失败,用户名或密码错误

需求分析

代码实现

① 创建web项目

② 导入BeanUtils工具类

③ 编写index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>index</title>

</head>
<body>
<h4>用户登录</h4>
<form action="/day09_login/loginServlet" method="post">
    用户:<input type="text" name="username"> <br>
    密码:<input type="password" name="password"> <br>
    <input type="submit" value="登录">
</form>

</body>
</html>

④ User实体类

// 用户对象
public class User {

    private String username;// 用户名

    private String password;// 密码

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "username='" + username + '\'' +
                ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

⑤ LoginServlet

@WebServlet("/loginServlet")
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request, response);
    }

    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 1.设置request解码方式
        request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        // 2.获取浏览器请求参数,map集合
        Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = request.getParameterMap();

        // 3.使用BeanUtils工具类,封装user对象中
        User user = new User();
        try {
            BeanUtils.populate(user, parameterMap);
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        // 4.判断(课下作业,你们写一个file文件,存储真实用户名和密码 判断)
        if("jack".equals(user.getUsername())&&"123".equals(user.getPassword())){
            // 正确
            request.setAttribute("user", user);
            request.getRequestDispatcher("/successServlet").forward(request,response);
        }else{
            // 错误
            request.getRequestDispatcher("/failServlet").forward(request,response);
        }
    }

}

⑥ SuccessServlet

@WebServlet("/successServlet")
public class SuccessServlet extends HttpServlet {

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request, response);
    }

    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 1.从request域获取user对象
        User user = (User) request.getAttribute("user");
        // 2.友情提示
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        response.getWriter().write(user.getUsername() + ",登录成功");
    }

}

⑦ FailServlet

@WebServlet("/failServlet")
public class FailServlet extends HttpServlet {

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doPost(request, response);
    }

    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 1.友情提示
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        response.getWriter().write("用户名或密码错误..");
    }

}

附录

Servlet模板设置

#if (${PACKAGE_NAME} && ${PACKAGE_NAME} != "")package ${PACKAGE_NAME};#end
#parse("File Header.java")
@javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet("/${Class_Name}")
public class ${Class_Name} extends javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet {

    protected void doGet(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request, javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response) throws javax.servlet.ServletException, java.io.IOException {
        this.doPost(request,response);
    }

    protected void doPost(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request, javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response) throws javax.servlet.ServletException, java.io.IOException {

    }
 
}
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