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Swift: KVC字典转模型、runtime帮助实现归、解档

2017-04-12  本文已影响180人  蓝色达风

字典转模型

开发中网络请求成功,通常情况下三方(AFNetWorking / Alamofire)都会自动帮我们解析json为字典返回我们。而实际开发中我们是主张面对模型开发而非面对字典,这就需要将拿到的字典转换成我们想要的模型。OC中字典转模型有很多非常成熟的三方,如:MJExtension、JsonModel等。而在Swift中如果不是特别复杂的字典我们基本可以利用KVC直接将其转换成模型

模型一

class JYModelOne: NSObject, NSCoding {
    /// 姓名
    var name: String?
    /// 年龄
    var age: String?
    /// 爱好
    var hobby: [String]?
    /// 自定义对象
    var friend: JYModelTwo?
}

模型二

class JYModelTwo: NSObject {
    var height: String?
    var weight: String?
}

这里有两个模型,其中模型JYModelOne中有一个属性是模型二JYModelTwo类型的属性,简单实现下“模型套模型”的字典转模型(两层的嵌套在平时开发中基本够用)

class JYModelOne: NSObject, NSCoding {
    /// 姓名
    var name: String?
    /// 年龄
    var age: String?
    /// 爱好
    var hobby: [String]?
    /// 自定义对象
    var friend: JYModelTwo?
    
    init(dict: [String: Any]) {
        super.init()
        
        // KVC赋值
        setValuesForKeys(dict)
    }
    
    override func setValue(_ value: Any?, forKey key: String) {
        if key == "friend" {// 如果是自定义对象特殊处理
            if let dict = value as? [String: Any] {
                friend = JYModelTwo(dict: dict)
            }
            
        }else {// 基本数据类型直接KVC赋值
            super.setValue(value, forKey: key)
        }
    }
    
    /// 字典中有的key,但是model中没有对应的属性,在赋值的时候就会调用这个方法,空实现,不写会崩溃
    override func setValue(_ value: Any?, forUndefinedKey key: String) {}
class JYModelTwo: NSObject {
    var height: String?
    var weight: String?
    
    init(dict: [String: Any]) {
        super.init()
        
        // KVC赋值
        setValuesForKeys(dict)
    }
    
    override func setValue(_ value: Any?, forKey key: String) {
        // 基本数据类型直接KVC赋值
        super.setValue(value, forKey: key)
    }
    
    /// 字典中有的key,但是model中没有对应的属性,在赋值的时候就会调用这个方法,空实现,不写会崩溃
    override func setValue(_ value: Any?, forUndefinedKey key: String) {}
}

runtime帮助实现归、解档

说到归档其实无非就是遵守NSCoding协议,实现两个方法,倒也没什么难,但麻烦的是什么呢?如果一个对象有特别多的属性,不多说直接上代码亲自感受......

/// 登录用户信息
class CCUserinfo: NSObject, NSCoding {
    /// 用户唯一标识 uid(用户体系统一用)
    var uid: String?
    var id: String?
    /// 注册类型 1:pad app 2:虫钢网站 3:第三方注册
    var register_type: String?
    /// 用户绑定email
    var email: String?
    /// 用户虫钢用户名
    var username: String?
    /// 用户手机号
    var user_phone: String?
    /// 用户头像地址
    var head_portrait_image: String?
    /// 是否已验证手机 0:未验证 1:已验证
    var is_phone: String?
    /// 昵称
    var nickname: String?
    /// 性别 0:位置 1:男 2:女
    var gender: String?
    /// 出生年月日
    var birthday: String?
    /// 所在省份
    var province: String?
    /// 所在城市
    var city: String?
    /// 所在县
    var area: String?
    /// 用户简介
    var personal_profile: String?
    /// 用户状态
    var status: String?
    /// 校验手机时间
    var checktime: String?
    /// 注册时间
    var addtime: String?
}

通常归档写法

func encode(with aCoder: NSCoder) {
        aCoder.encode(uid, forKey: "uid")
        aCoder.encode(id, forKey: "id")
        aCoder.encode(register_type, forKey: "register_type")
        aCoder.encode(email, forKey: "email")
        aCoder.encode(username, forKey: "username")
        aCoder.encode(user_phone, forKey: "user_phone")
        aCoder.encode(head_portrait_image, forKey: "head_portrait_image")
        aCoder.encode(is_phone, forKey: "is_phone")
        aCoder.encode(nickname, forKey: "nickname")
        aCoder.encode(gender, forKey: "gender")
        aCoder.encode(birthday, forKey: "birthday")
        aCoder.encode(province, forKey: "province")
        aCoder.encode(city, forKey: "city")
        aCoder.encode(area, forKey: "area")
        aCoder.encode(personal_profile, forKey: "personal_profile")
        aCoder.encode(status, forKey: "status")
        aCoder.encode(checktime, forKey: "checktime")
        aCoder.encode(addtime, forKey: "addtime")
    }
    
    required init?(coder aDecoder: NSCoder) {
        super.init()

        uid = aDecoder.decodeObject(forKey: "uid") as? String
        id = aDecoder.decodeObject(forKey: "id") as? String
        register_type = aDecoder.decodeObject(forKey: "register_type") as? String
        email = aDecoder.decodeObject(forKey: "email") as? String
        username = aDecoder.decodeObject(forKey: "username") as? String
        user_phone = aDecoder.decodeObject(forKey: "user_phone") as? String
        head_portrait_image = aDecoder.decodeObject(forKey: "head_portrait_image") as? String
        is_phone = aDecoder.decodeObject(forKey: "is_phone") as? String
        nickname = aDecoder.decodeObject(forKey: "nickname") as? String
        gender = aDecoder.decodeObject(forKey: "gender") as? String
        birthday = aDecoder.decodeObject(forKey: "birthday") as? String
        province = aDecoder.decodeObject(forKey: "province") as? String
        city = aDecoder.decodeObject(forKey: "city") as? String
        area = aDecoder.decodeObject(forKey: "area") as? String
        personal_profile = aDecoder.decodeObject(forKey: "personal_profile") as? String
        status = aDecoder.decodeObject(forKey: "status") as? String
        checktime = aDecoder.decodeObject(forKey: "checktime") as? String
        addtime = aDecoder.decodeObject(forKey: "addtime") as? String
    }

如果有100个属性我们就要在init和encode方法中把100个属性都写到里面,以后给对象添加、删减属性,还要对应的去修改init和encode方法中的代码,麻烦且容易出错,代码看着也很臃肿。不妨考虑下runtime动态获取对象属性,再利用KVC赋值,最后进行对象归档和解档,这样方便很多,以后迭代中给对象添加、删减属性就不再考虑修改init和encode函数中代码。

    // 解档
    required init?(coder aDecoder: NSCoder) {
        super.init()
        
        // 1.动态获取对象所有成员变量
        var count: UInt32 = 0
        let propertyArray = class_copyPropertyList(JYModelOne.self, &count)
        for i in 0..<Int(count) {
            // 2.1、根据下表获取属性
            let property = propertyArray?[i]
            // 2.2、获取属性名称(c语言字符串)
            guard let cName = property_getName(property) else {
                return
            }
            
            guard let name = String(utf8String: cName) else {
                return
            }
            
            // 3、解档
            if name == "friend" {// 自定义对象特殊处理
                friend = JYModelTwo.unarchive()
                
            }else {
                let value = aDecoder.decodeObject(forKey: name)
                setValue(value, forKey: name)
            }
        }
    }
    
    // 归档
    func encode(with aCoder: NSCoder) {
        // 1.动态获取对象所有成员变量
        var count: UInt32 = 0
        let propertyArray = class_copyPropertyList(JYModelOne.self, &count)
        for i in 0..<Int(count) {
            // 2.1、根据下表获取属性
            let property = propertyArray?[i]
            // 2.2、获取属性名称(c语言字符串)
            guard let cName = property_getName(property) else {
                return
            }
            
            guard let name = String(utf8String: cName) else {
                return
            }
            
            // 3、归档
            if name == "friend" {// 自定义对象特殊处理
                if let modelTwo = self.value(forKey: name) as? JYModelTwo {
                    modelTwo.archive()
                }
                
            }else {
                let value = self.value(forKey: name)
                aCoder.encode(value, forKey: name)
            }
        }
    }

主要部分实现完成,但实际开发中如果需要将对象进行归、解档实现时建议将具体的操作封装成对应的函数开放出来,这样外部要实现归、解档只需调对应函数,而不用管什么实现逻辑,充分利用面向对象思想,谁的事情就让谁来做。

extension JYModelOne {
    /// 路径
    fileprivate class func getArchivePath() -> (String) {
        let path = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(FileManager.SearchPathDirectory.documentDirectory, FileManager.SearchPathDomainMask.userDomainMask, true).first!
        return path + "/JYModelOne.plist"
    }
    
    /// 归档
    func archive() -> () {
        NSKeyedArchiver.archiveRootObject(self, toFile: JYModelOne.getArchivePath())
    }
    
    /// 解档
    class func unarchive() -> (JYModelOne?) {
        return NSKeyedUnarchiver.unarchiveObject(withFile: JYModelOne.getArchivePath()) as? JYModelOne
    }
    
    /// 删除归档信息
    class func remove(complete: () -> ()) -> () {
        if FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: JYModelOne.getArchivePath()) == false {
            return
        }
        
        do {
            try FileManager.default.removeItem(atPath: JYModelOne.getArchivePath())
            
        }catch {}
        complete()
    }
}
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