5分钟教你搞定Linux正则表达式(一)

元字符通常在Linux中分为两类：Shell元字符，由Linux Shell进行解析;
正则表达式元字符，由vi / grep / sed / awk等文本处理工具进行解析;
正则表达式一般以文本行进行处理，在进行下面实例之前，先为的grep命令设置--color参数：

$ alias grep='grep --color=auto'

这样每次过滤出来的字符串都会带色彩了。

在开始之前还需要做一件事情，就是创建一个测试用的重新文件文件，内容如下：

$ cat re-file
I had a lovely time on our little picnic.
Lovers were all around us. It is springtime. Oh
love, how much I adore you. Do you know
the extent of my love? Oh, by the way, I think
I lost my gloves somewhere out in that field of
clover. Did you see them?  I can only hope love.
is forever. I live for you. It's hard to get back in the
groove.

$ cat linux.txt
Linux is a good 
god assdxw bcvnbvbjk
greatttttt  wexcvxc
operaaaating  dhfghfvx
gooodfs awrerdxxhkl
gdsystem awxxxx
glad
good

正则表达式元字符

image

特殊的元字符

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扩展的正则表达式

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实操

匹配以爱开头的所有行

$ grep '^love' re-file
love, how much I adore you. Do you know

匹配爱结尾的所有行

$ grep 'love/pre> re-file
clover. Did you see them?  I can only hope love.

匹配以升开头，中间包含两个字符，结尾是È的所有行

$ grep 'l..e' re-file
I had a lovely time on our little picnic.
love, how much I adore you. Do you know
the extent of my love? Oh, by the way, I think
I lost my gloves somewhere out in that field of
clover. Did you see them?  I can only hope love.
is forever. I live for you. It's hard to get back in the

匹配0个或多个空行，后面是爱情的字符

$ grep ' *love' re-file
I had a lovely time on our little picnic.
love, how much I adore you. Do you know
the extent of my love? Oh, by the way, I think
I lost my gloves somewhere out in that field of
clover. Did you see them?  I can only hope love.

匹配爱或爱

$ grep '[Ll]ove' re-file  # 对l不区分大小写
I had a lovely time on our little picnic.
Lovers were all around us. It is springtime. Oh
love, how much I adore you. Do you know
the extent of my love? Oh, by the way, I think
I lost my gloves somewhere out in that field of
clover. Did you see them?  I can only hope love.

匹配AZ的字母，其次是OVE

$ grep '[A-Z]ove' re-file
Lovers were all around us. It is springtime. Oh

匹配不在AZ范围内的任何字符行，所有的小写字符

$ grep '[^A-Z]' re-file
I had a lovely time on our little picnic.
Lovers were all around us. It is springtime. Oh
love, how much I adore you. Do you know
the extent of my love? Oh, by the way, I think
I lost my gloves somewhere out in that field of
clover. Did you see them?  I can only hope love.
is forever. I live for you. It's hard to get back in the
groove.

匹配爱

$ grep 'love\.' re-file
clover. Did you see them?  I can only hope love.

匹配空格

$ grep '^/pre> re-file

匹配任意字符

$ grep '.*' re-file
I had a lovely time on our little picnic.
Lovers were all around us. It is springtime. Oh
love, how much I adore you. Do you know
the extent of my love? Oh, by the way, I think
I lost my gloves somewhere out in that field of
clover. Did you see them?  I can only hope love.
is forever. I live for you. It's hard to get back in the
groove.

前面o字符重复2到4次(简书显示"o"字符有问题请注意)

$ grep 'o\{2,4\}' re-file
groove.

重复o字符至少2次(简书显示"o"字符有问题请注意)

$ grep 'o\{2,\}' re-file
groove.

重复o字符最多2次(简书显示"o"字符有问题请注意)

$ grep 'o\{,2\}' re-file
I had a lovely time on our little picnic.
Lovers were all around us. It is springtime. Oh
love, how much I adore you. Do you know
the extent of my love? Oh, by the way, I think
I lost my gloves somewhere out in that field of
clover. Did you see them?  I can only hope love.
is forever. I live for you. It's hard to get back in the
groove.

重复前一个字符一个或一个以上

$ egrep "go+d" linux.txt
Linux is a good
god assdxw bcvnbvbjk
gooodfs awrerdxxhkl
good
#####0个或者一个字符
ansheng@Ubuntu:/tmp$ egrep "go?d" linux.txt
god assdxw bcvnbvbjk
gdsystem awxxxx

或，查找多个字符串

$ egrep "gd|good" linux.txt
Linux is a good
gdsystem awxxxx
good

分组过滤匹配

$ egrep "g(la|oo)d" linux.txt
Linux is a good
glad
good