TDD(测试驱动开发)

29 - 重构之代码可测试性

2021-08-30  本文已影响0人  舍是境界

写单元测试并不难，也不需要太多技巧，相反，写出可测试的代码反倒是件非常有挑战的事情，本文就来讲讲代码的可测试性，主要包括这样几个问题：

编写可测试代码案例实战

public class Transaction {
  private String id;
  private Long buyerId;
  private Long sellerId;
  private Long productId;
  private String orderId;
  private Long createTimestamp;
  private Double amount;
  private STATUS status;
  private String walletTransactionId;
  
  // ...get() methods...
  
  public Transaction(String preAssignedId, Long buyerId, Long sellerId, Long productId, String orderId) {
    if (preAssignedId != null && !preAssignedId.isEmpty()) {
      this.id = preAssignedId;
    } else {
      this.id = IdGenerator.generateTransactionId();
    }
    if (!this.id.startWith("t_")) {
      this.id = "t_" + preAssignedId;
    }
    this.buyerId = buyerId;
    this.sellerId = sellerId;
    this.productId = productId;
    this.orderId = orderId;
    this.status = STATUS.TO_BE_EXECUTD;
    this.createTimestamp = System.currentTimestamp();
  }
  
  public boolean execute() throws InvalidTransactionException {
    if ((buyerId == null || (sellerId == null || amount < 0.0) {
      throw new InvalidTransactionException(...);
    }
    if (status == STATUS.EXECUTED) return true;
    boolean isLocked = false;
    try {
      isLocked = RedisDistributedLock.getSingletonIntance().lockTransction(id);
      if (!isLocked) {
        return false; // 锁定未成功，返回false，job兜底执行
      }
      if (status == STATUS.EXECUTED) return true; // double check
      long executionInvokedTimestamp = System.currentTimestamp();
      if (executionInvokedTimestamp - createdTimestap > 14days) {
        this.status = STATUS.EXPIRED;
        return false;
      }
      WalletRpcService walletRpcService = new WalletRpcService();
      String walletTransactionId = walletRpcService.moveMoney(id, buyerId, sellerId, amount);
      if (walletTransactionId != null) {
        this.walletTransactionId = walletTransactionId;
        this.status = STATUS.EXECUTED;
        return true;
      } else {
        this.status = STATUS.FAILED;
        return false;
      }
    } finally {
      if (isLocked) {
       RedisDistributedLock.getSingletonIntance().unlockTransction(id);
      }
    }
  }
}

public void testExecute() {
  Long buyerId = 123L;
  Long sellerId = 234L;
  Long productId = 345L;
  Long orderId = 456L;
  Transction transaction = new Transaction(null, buyerId, sellerId, productId, orderId);
  boolean executedResult = transaction.execute();
  assertTrue(executedResult);
}

public class MockWalletRpcServiceOne extends WalletRpcService {
  public String moveMoney(Long id, Long fromUserId, Long toUserId, Double amount) {
    return "123bac";
  } 
}
public class MockWalletRpcServiceTwo extends WalletRpcService {
  public String moveMoney(Long id, Long fromUserId, Long toUserId, Double amount) {
    return null;
  } 
}

public class Transaction {
  //...
  // 添加一个成员变量及其set方法
  private WalletRpcService walletRpcService;
  
  public void setWalletRpcService(WalletRpcService walletRpcService) {
    this.walletRpcService = walletRpcService;
  }
  // ...
  public boolean execute() {
    // ...
    // 删除下面这一行代码
    // WalletRpcService walletRpcService = new WalletRpcService();
    // ...
  }
}

public void testExecute() {
  Long buyerId = 123L;
  Long sellerId = 234L;
  Long productId = 345L;
  Long orderId = 456L;
  Transction transaction = new Transaction(null, buyerId, sellerId, productId, orderId);
  // 使用mock对象来替代真正的RPC服务
  transaction.setWalletRpcService(new MockWalletRpcServiceOne()):
  boolean executedResult = transaction.execute();
  assertTrue(executedResult);
  assertEquals(STATUS.EXECUTED, transaction.getStatus());
}

public class TransactionLock {
  public boolean lock(String id) {
    return RedisDistributedLock.getSingletonIntance().lockTransction(id);
  }
  
  public void unlock() {
    RedisDistributedLock.getSingletonIntance().unlockTransction(id);
  }
}
public class Transaction {
  //...
  private TransactionLock lock;
  
  public void setTransactionLock(TransactionLock lock) {
    this.lock = lock;
  }
 
  public boolean execute() {
    //...
    try {
      isLocked = lock.lock();
      //...
    } finally {
      if (isLocked) {
        lock.unlock();
      }
    }
    //...
  }
}

public void testExecute() {
  Long buyerId = 123L;
  Long sellerId = 234L;
  Long productId = 345L;
  Long orderId = 456L;
  
  TransactionLock mockLock = new TransactionLock() {
    public boolean lock(String id) {
      return true;
    }
  
    public void unlock() {}
  };
  
  Transction transaction = new Transaction(null, buyerId, sellerId, productId, orderId);
  transaction.setWalletRpcService(new MockWalletRpcServiceOne());
  transaction.setTransactionLock(mockLock);
  boolean executedResult = transaction.execute();
  assertTrue(executedResult);
  assertEquals(STATUS.EXECUTED, transaction.getStatus());
}

public void testExecute_with_TransactionIsExpired() {
  Long buyerId = 123L;
  Long sellerId = 234L;
  Long productId = 345L;
  Long orderId = 456L;
  Transction transaction = new Transaction(null, buyerId, sellerId, productId, orderId);
  transaction.setCreatedTimestamp(System.currentTimestamp() - 14days);
  boolean actualResult = transaction.execute();
  assertFalse(actualResult);
  assertEquals(STATUS.EXPIRED, transaction.getStatus());
}

public class Transaction {
  protected boolean isExpired() {
    long executionInvokedTimestamp = System.currentTimestamp();
    return executionInvokedTimestamp - createdTimestamp > 14days;
  }
  
  public boolean execute() throws InvalidTransactionException {
    //...
      if (isExpired()) {
        this.status = STATUS.EXPIRED;
        return false;
      }
    //...
  }
}

public void testExecute_with_TransactionIsExpired() {
  Long buyerId = 123L;
  Long sellerId = 234L;
  Long productId = 345L;
  Long orderId = 456L;
  Transction transaction = new Transaction(null, buyerId, sellerId, productId, orderId) {
    protected boolean isExpired() {
      return true;
    }
  };
  boolean actualResult = transaction.execute();
  assertFalse(actualResult);
  assertEquals(STATUS.EXPIRED, transaction.getStatus());
}

public Transaction(String preAssignedId, Long buyerId, Long sellerId, Long productId, String orderId) {
    //...
    fillTransactionId(preAssignId);
    //...
  }
  
  protected void fillTransactionId(String preAssignedId) {
    if (preAssignedId != null && !preAssignedId.isEmpty()) {
      this.id = preAssignedId;
    } else {
      this.id = IdGenerator.generateTransactionId();
    }
    if (!this.id.startWith("t_")) {
      this.id = "t_" + preAssignedId;
    }
  }

其他常见的 Anti-Patterns

  1. 未决行为
public class Demo {
  public long caculateDelayDays(Date dueTime) {
    long currentTimestamp = System.currentTimeMillis();
    if (dueTime.getTime() >= currentTimestamp) {
      return 0;
    }
    long delayTime = currentTimestamp - dueTime.getTime();
    long delayDays = delayTime / 86400;
    return delayDays;
  }
}
  1. 全局变量
public class RangeLimiter {
  private static AtomicInteger position = new AtomicInteger(0);
  public static final int MAX_LIMIT = 5;
  public static final int MIN_LIMIT = -5;
  public boolean move(int delta) {
    int currentPos = position.addAndGet(delta);
    boolean betweenRange = (currentPos <= MAX_LIMIT) && (currentPos >= MIN_LIMIT);
    return betweenRange;
  }
}
public class RangeLimiterTest {
  public void testMove_betweenRange() {
    RangeLimiter rangeLimiter = new RangeLimiter();
    assertTrue(rangeLimiter.move(1));
    assertTrue(rangeLimiter.move(3));
    assertTrue(rangeLimiter.move(-5));
  }
  public void testMove_exceedRange() {
    RangeLimiter rangeLimiter = new RangeLimiter();
    assertFalse(rangeLimiter.move(6));
  }
}
  1. 静态方法
  1. 复杂继承
  1. 高耦合代码

小结

上一篇下一篇

猜你喜欢

热点阅读