18.Elasticsearch索引模板-2

2022-04-14 本文已影响0人大勇任卷舒

18.1 Simulate多组件模板

由于模板不仅可以由多个组件模板组成，还可以由索引模板本身组成，因此有两个模拟API来确定生成的索引设置
模拟te-000001 ：

POST /_index_template/_simulate_index/te-000001

获取特定模板的设置：

POST /_index_template/_simulate/template_1

从现有模板应用Simulate的设置：

PUT /_component_template/ct1
{
  "template": {
    "settings": {
      "index.number_of_shards": 2
    }
  }
}

PUT /_component_template/ct2
{
  "template": {
    "settings": {
      "index.number_of_replicas": 0
    },
    "mappings": {
      "properties": {
        "@timestamp": {
          "type": "date"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

POST /_index_template/_simulate
{
  "index_patterns": ["my*"],
  "template": {
    "settings" : {
      "index.number_of_shards" : 3
    }
  },
  "composed_of": ["ct1", "ct2"]
}

响应结果

{
  "template" : {
    "settings" : {
      "index" : {
        "number_of_shards" : "3", 
        "number_of_replicas" : "0"
      }
    },
    "mappings" : {
      "properties" : {
        "@timestamp" : {
          "type" : "date" 
        }
      }
    },
    "aliases" : { }
  },
  "overlapping" : [
    {
      "name" : "template_1", 
      "index_patterns" : [
        "my*"
      ] 
    }
  ] 
}

18.2 模板示例：保存到 Elasticsearch

模板

{
  "template" : "logstash-*",
  "settings" : {
    "index.refresh_interval" : "5s"
  },
  "mappings" : {
    "_default_" : {
      "_all" : {"enabled" : true},
      "dynamic_templates" : [ {
        "string_fields" : {
          "match" : "*",
          "match_mapping_type" : "string",
          "mapping" : {
            "type" : "string", "index" : "analyzed", "omit_norms" : true,
              "fields" : {
                "raw" : {"type": "string", "index" : "not_analyzed", "ignore_above" : 256}
            } 
          }
        }
      } ],
      "properties" : {
        "@version": { "type": "string", "index": "not_analyzed" },
        "geoip" : {
          "type" : "object",
            "dynamic": true,
            "path": "full",
            "properties" : {
              "location" : { "type" : "geo_point" }
            } 
          } 
        } 
      }
    }
 }

关键设置包括：
- template for index-pattern
  - 只有匹配 logstash-* 的索引才会应用这个模板
- refresh_interval for indexing
  - Elasticsearch 是一个近实时搜索引擎
- multi-field with not_analyzed
  - Elasticsearch 会自动使用自己的默认分词器(空格，点，斜线等分割)来分析字段
- geo_point
  - Elasticsearch 支持 geo_point 类型， geo distance 聚合等等
其他模板配置建议
- doc_values
  - 在请求范围加大的时候，很容易触发 OOM 报错：
    - doc_values 只能给不分词(对于字符串字段就是设置了"index":"not_analyzed"，数值和时间字段默认就没有分词) 的字段配置生效

ElasticsearchException[org.elasticsearch.common.breaker.CircuitBreakingException: Data too large, 
data for field [@timestamp] would be larger than limit of [639015321/609.4mb]]

在数据量较大的情况下，建议开启该配置：

{
  "template" : "logstash-*",
  "settings" : {
    "index.refresh_interval" : "5s"
  },
  "mappings" : {
    "_default_" : {
      "_all" : {"enabled" : true},
      "dynamic_templates" : [ {
        "string_fields" : {
          "match" : "*",
          "match_mapping_type" : "string",
          "mapping" : {
            "type" : "string", "index" : "analyzed", "omit_norms" : true,
              "fields" : {
                "raw" : { "type": "string", "index" : "not_analyzed", "ignore_above" : 256, "doc_values": true }
              } 
            }
          }
        } ],
        "properties" : {
          "@version": { "type": "string", "index": "not_analyzed" },
          "@timestamp": { "type": "date", "index": "not_analyzed", "doc_values": true, "format": "dateOptionalTime" },
          "geoip" : {
            "type" : "object",
              "dynamic": true,
              "path": "full",
              "properties" : {
            "location" : { "type" : "geo_point" }
          } 
        } 
      } 
    }
  }
}

其他模板配置建议
- order
  - order 就是 elasticsearch 在创建一个索引的时候，发现这个索引同时匹配上了多个 template ，那么就会先应用 order 数值小的 template 设置，然后再应用一遍 order 数值高的作为覆盖，最终达到一个 merge 的效果
  - 比如，上面这个模板只想修改一下 refresh_interval ，那么只需要新写一个：

{
  "order" : 1,
  "template" : "logstash-*",
  "settings" : {
    "index.refresh_interval" : 
"20s"
  }
}

18.Elasticsearch索引模板-2

18.1 Simulate多组件模板

18.2 模板示例：保存到 Elasticsearch

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