社会计算复习 之 Crowsourcing Wisdom of
什么是Crowdsourcing,众包
众包是一种获取资源的一种模式,个人和组织可以利用网络用户来获取需要的服务和想法
因为群体可以比个人做的好,大群体可以比小群体做的好
4 characteristics of smart crowds
- Diversity of opinion,每个人都要有一些的private information
- Independent, 每个人的意见不受其他人的影响
- Decentralization, 每个人都是专注的地方和自己的知识 (local knowledge)
- Aggregation,将私人判断转换为集体决定
有时候会受到peer pressure和authority interfere
Information Cascade 随大流
自然的和不自然的跟从别人的行为,因为人类的个体通过学习别人的生存技能而得以生存。
随大流的开始者和结束者
都是overconfident people, 因为他们相比大家的选择,他们对自己的选择更加有信心
Overconfident people – who value their own private information more than the public one
Decentralization 的问题
有时候,需要有一个机制可以将不同的信息和意见统一成一个。
The prediction Market
用来收集信息的市场,输赢取决于某一特殊事件,明天美股大盘上升还是下降
小团体和Wise crowd的不同点
people think themselves as members of a team, while in a market, think of themselves as Independent actors.
When are small group productive
- When there is a clear answer
- Diversity of group is important
- the order of speaking is important
Crowd Sourcing
Crowd + outsourcing = crowdsourcing
Main concept is getting something done using others help.
Crowdwork
Microwork, is breaking a large task into smaller tasks and sub tasks. Then is ditributed to internet participants.
即,分包,将一个项目分为多个人做完
Macrowork, is task can be done by independently, and usually takes a determined amount of time, like deadline.
即,整包,将一个项目给一个人做完
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