Fabric CA架构以及整体流程

2020-05-11 本文已影响0人小蜗牛爬楼梯

1. 整体概览

在Fabric 1.0版本中，原0.6版本中的“Membership Service”已经被“Fabric CA”所替代。

Fabric CA是Hyperledger Fabric的证书颁发机构，它提供的功能如下：

1）身份的注册，或连接到LDAP作为用户注册表;

2）发放登记证书（ECerts）;

3）发布交易证书（TCerts），在Hyperledger Fabric blockchain上进行交易时提供匿名性和不可链接性;

4）证书更新和撤销。

Fabric CA包含一个client端和一个server端。在Fabric 1.0版本中，CA可以脱离Docker镜像，作为一个独立的服务来运行。若使用docker启动，所有的CA服务都是在一个专门的镜像（名称类似于“ca”）中进行执行。

Fabric CA提供了两种访问方式调用Server服务，一种是通过Client调用，另一种是通过SDK调用。两种调用都是REST风格的。SDK的API接口位于fabric-ca工程的 fabric-ca/swagger/swagger-fabric-ca.json。本文使用的是通过Client调用。

1.1 Fabric CA整体架构图

image

[1]

Server端由一个集群组成，包括前端的一个高可用的代理服务器，连接着若干个CA Server集群，这些集群将数据共同存放在同一个数据服务器上。数据库可能是MySQL、LDAP、PostgresSQL或者SQLite。

1.2 Fabric CA运行流程的时序图

image

具体步骤包括：

Server端初始化
CA根证书生成
Server端启动服务
Client端向Server端请求登记
Server端向Client端返回登记证书ECert
Client端向Server端请求注册节点
Server端向Client端返回节点注册信息结果
Client端向Server端请求登记节点
Server端生成TCert，存入数据库
Server端向Client端返回登记结果

2. 安装

2.1 Dokcer启动

2.1.1 拉取镜像

docker pull hyperledger/fabric-ca:x86_64-1.0.0-alpha

2.1.2 使用Docker-Compose启动

将下部分代码添加到 docker-compose.yaml 中的service中，使用 docker-compose up 启动ca服务节点

ca:

image: hyperledger/fabric-ca:x86_64-1.0.0-alpha

container_name: fabric-ca

ports:

  - "8888:8888"

environment:

  - FABRIC_CA_HOME=/etc/hyperledger/fabric-ca

volumes:

  - "./fabric-ca:/etc/hyperledger/fabric-ca"

command: sh -c 'fabric-ca-server start -b admin:adminpw'

2.2 Native启动

2.2.1前提条件

Go 1.7版本或以上
GOPATH环境配置正确
安装libtool和libtdhl-dev

2.2.2 安装方法

可直接使用“go get”命令进行安装。“go get”相当于“git clone”+“go install”

go get -u github.com/hyperledger/fabric-ca/cmd/...

后续的操作和在Docker中类似，这里我们主要讲Docker启动的情况。

3. Fabric-CA-Server

官方说明如下：

Hyperledger Fabric Certificate Authority Server

Usage:

fabric-ca-server [command]

Available Commands:

init Initialize the fabric-ca server

start Start the fabric-ca server

Flags:

  --address string                  Listening address of fabric-ca-server (default "0.0.0.0")

-b, --boot string The user:pass for bootstrap admin which is required to build default config file

  --ca.certfile string              PEM-encoded CA certificate file (default "ca-cert.pem")

  --ca.chainfile string             PEM-encoded CA chain file (default "ca-chain.pem")

  --ca.keyfile string               PEM-encoded CA key file (default "ca-key.pem")

-n, --ca.name string Certificate Authority name

-c, --config string Configuration file (default "fabric-ca-server-config.yaml")

  --csr.cn string                   The common name field of the certificate signing request to a parent fabric-ca-server

  --csr.serialnumber string         The serial number in a certificate signing request to a parent fabric-ca-server

  --db.datasource string            Data source which is database specific (default "fabric-ca-server.db")

  --db.tls.certfiles string         PEM-encoded comma separated list of trusted certificate files (e.g. root1.pem, root2.pem)

  --db.tls.client.certfile string   PEM-encoded certificate file when mutual authenticate is enabled

  --db.tls.client.keyfile string    PEM-encoded key file when mutual authentication is enabled

  --db.tls.enabled                  Enable TLS for client connection

  --db.type string                  Type of database; one of: sqlite3, postgres, mysql (default "sqlite3")

-d, --debug Enable debug level logging

  --ldap.enabled                    Enable the LDAP client for authentication and attributes

  --ldap.groupfilter string         The LDAP group filter for a single affiliation group (default "(memberUid=%s)")

  --ldap.url string                 LDAP client URL of form ldap://adminDN:adminPassword@host[:port]/base

  --ldap.userfilter string          The LDAP user filter to use when searching for users (default "(uid=%s)")

-p, --port int Listening port of fabric-ca-server (default 7054)

  --registry.maxenrollments int     Maximum number of enrollments; valid if LDAP not enabled

  --tls.certfile string             PEM-encoded TLS certificate file for server's listening port (default "ca-cert.pem")

  --tls.enabled                     Enable TLS on the listening port

  --tls.keyfile string              PEM-encoded TLS key for server's listening port (default "ca-key.pem")

-u, --url string URL of the parent fabric-ca-server

Use "fabric-ca-server [command] --help" for more information about a command.

3.1 初始化Server服务

3.1.1 指令介绍

fabric-ca-server init -b admin:adminpw

-b在这里指的是bootstrap，也就是启动加载状态。

有一个名为 fabric-ca-server-config.yaml 的配置文件会在节点启动时自动生成。我们也可以根据里面的内容自定义配置CSR信息，使用 --config 文件名来进行启动配置。

CSR为“Certificate Signing Request”的缩写，即证书签名请求。

目前在keys中支持的算法和相关长度如下：

image

Fabric-CA 1.0支持MySQL、LDAP、PostgresSQL和SQLite，这里配置用的是默认的SQLite。其他配置方法暂且不表。

3.1.2 示例

root@0f86c3e1cf15:/etc/hyperledger/fabric-ca# fabric-ca-server init -b admin:adminpw

2017/03/21 08:54:23 [INFO] Configuration file location: /etc/hyperledger/fabric-ca/fabric-ca-server-config.yaml

2017/03/21 08:54:23 Initialize BCCSP [SW]

2017/03/21 08:54:23 [INFO] The CA key and certificate files already exist

2017/03/21 08:54:23 [INFO] Key file location: /etc/hyperledger/fabric-ca/ca-key.pem

2017/03/21 08:54:23 [INFO] Certificate file location: /etc/hyperledger/fabric-ca/ca-cert.pem

2017/03/21 08:54:23 [INFO] Initialized sqlite3 data base at /etc/hyperledger/fabric-ca/fabric-ca-server.db

2017/03/21 08:54:23 [INFO] Initialization was successful

3.2 启动Server服务

3.2.1 指令介绍

fabric-ca-server start -b <admin style="box-sizing: border-box;">:<adminpw style="box-sizing: border-box;"></adminpw></admin>

这里，默认调用的启动配置文件为fabric-ca-server-config.yaml，如果需要自定义配置，还是使用 --config 文件名来进行启动配置。

成功后，server端会在预先配置的环境路径下生成相应的ca证书文件，并在配置的端口号上进行服务监听。这里我们在端口8888上进行监听。

3.2.2 示例

root@0f86c3e1cf15:/etc/hyperledger/fabric-ca# fabric-ca-server start -b admin:adminpw

2017/03/21 08:54:50 [INFO] Configuration file location: /etc/hyperledger/fabric-ca/fabric-ca-server-config.yaml

2017/03/21 08:54:50 Initialize BCCSP [SW]

2017/03/21 08:54:50 [INFO] The CA key and certificate files already exist

2017/03/21 08:54:50 [INFO] Key file location: /etc/hyperledger/fabric-ca/ca-key.pem

2017/03/21 08:54:50 [INFO] Certificate file location: /etc/hyperledger/fabric-ca/ca-cert.pem

2017/03/21 08:54:50 [INFO] Initialized sqlite3 data base at /etc/hyperledger/fabric-ca/fabric-ca-server.db

2017/03/21 08:54:50 [INFO] Listening at http://0.0.0.0:8888

4. Fabric-CA-Client

官方说明如下：

Hyperledger Fabric Certificate Authority Client

Usage:

fabric-ca-client [command]

Available Commands:

enroll Enroll user

getcacert Get CA certificate chain

reenroll Reenroll user

revoke Revoke user

Flags:

-c, --config string Configuration file (default "/etc/hyperledger/fabric-ca/clients/admin/fabric-ca-client-config.yaml")

  --csr.cn string                The common name field of the certificate signing request to a parent fabric-ca-server

  --csr.serialnumber string      The serial number in a certificate signing request to a parent fabric-ca-server

-d, --debug Enable debug level logging

  --enrollment.hosts string      Comma-separated host list

  --enrollment.label string      Label to use in HSM operations

  --enrollment.profile string    Name of the signing profile to use in issuing the certificate

  --id.affiliation string        The identity's affiliation

  --id.attr string               Attributes associated with this identity (e.g. hf.Revoker=true)

  --id.maxenrollments int        The maximum number of times the secret can be reused to enroll.

  --id.name string               Unique name of the identity

  --id.secret string             The enrollment secret for the identity being registered

  --id.type string               Type of identity being registered (e.g. 'peer, app, user')

-M, --mspdir string Membership Service Provider directory (default "msp")

-m, --myhost string Hostname to include in the certificate signing request during enrollment (default "0f86c3e1cf15")

  --tls.certfiles string         PEM-encoded comma separated list of trusted certificate files (e.g. root1.pem, root2.pem)

  --tls.client.certfile string   PEM-encoded certificate file when mutual authenticate is enabled

  --tls.client.keyfile string    PEM-encoded key file when mutual authentication is enabled

  --tls.enabled                  Enable TLS for client connection

-u, --url string URL of fabric-ca-server (default "http://localhost:7054")

Use "fabric-ca-client [command] --help" for more information about a command.

4.1启动用户登记

4.1.1 指令介绍

fabric-ca-client enroll -u http://admin:adminpw@localhost:8888

登记启动用户会在用户的home路径下生成登记证书文件ECert。

4.1.2 示例

root@0f86c3e1cf15:/etc/hyperledger/fabric-ca# fabric-ca-client enroll -u http://admin:adminpw@localhost:8888

2017/03/21 08:59:09 [INFO] User provided config file: /etc/hyperledger/fabric-ca/fabric-ca-client-config.yaml

2017/03/21 08:59:09 [INFO] Configuration file location: /etc/hyperledger/fabric-ca/fabric-ca-client-config.yaml

2017/03/21 08:59:09 Initialize BCCSP [SW]

2017/03/21 08:59:09 [INFO] received CSR

2017/03/21 08:59:09 [INFO] generating key: ecdsa-256

2017/03/21 08:59:09 [INFO] encoded CSR

2017/03/21 08:59:09 [INFO] Stored client key at /etc/hyperledger/fabric-ca/msp/keystore/key.pem

2017/03/21 08:59:09 [INFO] Stored client certificate at /etc/hyperledger/fabric-ca/msp/signcerts/cert.pem

2017/03/21 08:59:09 [INFO] Stored CA certificate chain at /etc/hyperledger/fabric-ca/msp/cacerts/.pem

4.2 新身份注册

4.2.1 指令介绍

fabric-ca-client register

在注册阶段，server端需要检查被注册对象的两方面内容：

1 被注册的对象的角色一定要在预先配置的“hf.Registrar.Roles”属性中约定的范围内。比如，如果“hf.Registrar.Roles”约定的角色包括“peer”和“client”，那么被注册对象就只能是这两个角色中的一个，如果被注册对象的角色为“user”，那么注册就不能被通过。

2 被注册对象的从属关系参数一定要归属于预先配置的组织属性。换句话说，被注册对象的affiliation参数一定要是预先配置的affiliation参数的一个前缀。例如，假设预先配置的组织关系为：“a.b.c”，那么新注册的对象的affiliation属性可以是“a.b.c”，也可以是“a.b”，但“a.c”就不能通过注册。

下面是id配置的一个示例：

id:

name: MyPeer1

type: peer

affiliation: org1.department1

attributes:

- name: SomeAttrName

  value: SomeAttrValue

- name: foo

  value: bar

如果想要在后面允许对这个ID进行注销，在这里配置的attributes中要包含“hf.Revoker”，即：

attributes:

- name: hf.Revoker

  value: true

4.2.2 示例

root@0f86c3e1cf15:/etc/hyperledger/fabric-ca# fabric-ca-client register --id.name cliTest00

2017/03/21 09:05:16 [INFO] User provided config file: /etc/hyperledger/fabric-ca/clients/admin/fabric-ca-client-config.yaml

2017/03/21 09:05:16 Initialize BCCSP [SW]

2017/03/21 09:05:16 [INFO] Configuration file location: /etc/hyperledger/fabric-ca/clients/admin/fabric-ca-client-config.yaml

Password: oLtPkJRCzdTH

这里随机生成了一个Password，将在后面的节点登记中用到。

在指令中使用flag来临时自定义用户名和密码：--id.name <用户名> --id.secret <密码>

4.3 节点身份登记

4.3.1 指令介绍

官方文档上说，在节点身份登记之前，要先指定FABRIC_CA_CERT_FILE和FABRIC_CA_KEY_FILE两个环境变量，生成的peer.pem和key.pem两个证书文件作为TCert。但是我的试验中，生成的证书文件路径仍然是在FABRIC_CA_CLIENT_HOME相应的路径下，不知是否是仍然存在的bug。

export FABRIC_CA_CERT_FILE=$MSP_DIR/signcerts/peer.pem

export FABRIC_CA_KEY_FILE=$MSP_DIR/keystore/key.pem

fabric-ca client enroll -u http://<peer id="" style="box-sizing: border-box;">:<password style="box-sizing: border-box;">@localhost:port</password></peer>

这里Peer ID为注册时的id name，password为上文提到的注册时生成的密码。

4.3.2 示例

root@0f86c3e1cf15:/etc/hyperledger/fabric-ca# fabric-ca-client enroll -u http://cliTest00:oLtPkJRCzdTH@localhost:8888

2017/03/21 09:07:48 [INFO] User provided config file: /etc/hyperledger/fabric-ca/clients/admin/fabric-ca-client-config.yaml

2017/03/21 09:07:48 [INFO] Configuration file location: /etc/hyperledger/fabric-ca/clients/admin/fabric-ca-client-config.yaml

2017/03/21 09:07:48 Initialize BCCSP [SW]

2017/03/21 09:07:48 [INFO] received CSR

2017/03/21 09:07:48 [INFO] generating key: ecdsa-256

2017/03/21 09:07:48 [INFO] encoded CSR

2017/03/21 09:07:48 [INFO] Stored client key at /etc/hyperledger/fabric-ca/clients/admin/msp/keystore/key.pem

2017/03/21 09:07:48 [INFO] Stored client certificate at /etc/hyperledger/fabric-ca/clients/admin/msp/signcerts/cert.pem

2017/03/21 09:07:48 [INFO] Stored CA certificate chain at /etc/hyperledger/fabric-ca/clients/admin/msp/cacerts/.pem

4.4 身份重登记

4.4.1 指令介绍

fabric-ca-client reenroll

当登记的身份过期时，可以利用reenroll命令对身份进行重新登记。注意，这个指令后面不能添加登记的名称和密码，只是按照之前配置好的内容进行重新登记。

4.4.2 示例

root@0f86c3e1cf15:/etc/hyperledger/fabric-ca# fabric-ca-client reenroll

2017/03/21 10:11:36 [INFO] User provided config file: /etc/hyperledger/fabric-ca/clients/admin/fabric-ca-client-config.yaml

2017/03/21 10:11:36 Initialize BCCSP [SW]

2017/03/21 10:11:36 [INFO] Configuration file location: /etc/hyperledger/fabric-ca/clients/admin/fabric-ca-client-config.yaml

2017/03/21 10:11:36 [INFO] received CSR

2017/03/21 10:11:36 [INFO] generating key: ecdsa-256

2017/03/21 10:11:37 [INFO] encoded CSR

2017/03/21 10:11:37 [INFO] Stored client key at /etc/hyperledger/fabric-ca/clients/admin/msp/keystore/key.pem

2017/03/21 10:11:37 [INFO] Stored client certificate at /etc/hyperledger/fabric-ca/clients/admin/msp/signcerts/cert.pem

2017/03/21 10:11:37 [INFO] Stored CA certificate chain at /etc/hyperledger/fabric-ca/clients/admin/msp/cacerts/.pem

4.5 证书或身份撤销

4.5.1 指令介绍

Usage:

fabric-ca-client revoke [flags]

Flags:

-a, --aki string AKI

-e, --eid string Enrollment ID (Optional)

-r, --reason string Reason for revoking

-s, --serial string Serial Number

官方给出的说明有些错误，被标（Optional）的应该是“Reason for revoking”部分。实际上，要求指令后面的flag内容为下面两种格式中的一种：

fabric-ca-client revoke -a xxx -s yyy -r<reason style="box-sizing: border-box;"></reason>

或

fabric-ca-client revoke -e <enrollment_id style="box-sizing: border-box;">-r<reason style="box-sizing: border-box;"></reason></enrollment_id>

支持的<reason style="box-sizing: border-box;">包括：</reason>

Reasons:

unspecified
keycompromise
cacompromise
affiliationchange
superseded
cessationofoperation
certificatehold
removefromcrl
privilegewithdrawn
aacompromise

AKI（Authority Key Identifier）和Serial Number都是在身份登记后生成的cert.pem文件中。我们需要对这个文件进行解析。可以使用OpenSSL进行解析：

root@xiao-virtual-machine:/home/xiao/test/fabric-ca/clients/admin/msp/signcerts# openssl x509 -in cert.pem -text -noout -serial

Certificate:

Data:

    Version: 3 (0x2)

    Serial Number:

        4a:ad:ce:89:16:9d:36:23:99:c5:37:7a:e9:2b:06:d7:8a:f3:f3:da

Signature Algorithm: ecdsa-with-SHA256

    Issuer: C=US, ST=North Carolina, O=Hyperledger, OU=Fabric, CN=fabric-ca-server

    Validity

        Not Before: Mar 21 09:21:00 2017 GMT

        Not After : Feb 17 17:21:00 2018 GMT

    Subject: C=US, ST=North Carolina, O=Hyperledger, OU=Fabric, CN=test001

    Subject Public Key Info:

        Public Key Algorithm: id-ecPublicKey

            Public-Key: (256 bit)

            pub: 

                04:8a:ff:a4:44:2c:10:e5:4c:4e:7d:7d:0f:bb:28:

                aa:c0:30:b8:53:2c:0d:1d:26:92:c9:85:7c:0d:24:

                7a:c0:25:5c:18:c9:f7:fa:d2:53:e9:00:00:99:d1:

                04:30:a1:d5:dd:a1:3c:30:37:5a:f9:70:e5:aa:6e:

                89:6c:54:ad:18

            ASN1 OID: prime256v1

    X509v3 extensions:

        X509v3 Key Usage: critical

            Certificate Sign

        X509v3 Basic Constraints: critical

            CA:FALSE

        X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: 

            6F:76:CA:12:7D:20:5F:27:6F:93:55:15:48:F1:32:6C:83:2A:F6:03

        X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: 

            keyid:A5:1F:27:F8:09:78:46:4D:63:A8:23:48:B3:B4:01:1D:FB:FF:C9:43

        X509v3 Subject Alternative Name: 

            DNS:38cdca9067ac

Signature Algorithm: ecdsa-with-SHA256

     30:46:02:21:00:a6:3e:33:78:e2:59:8c:e2:ba:6f:0f:7b:01:

     66:5d:67:08:af:81:de:1b:47:20:c1:00:e5:11:ba:1e:7a:f1:

     f2:02:21:00:95:1a:31:06:6e:ab:cd:91:85:02:38:8c:72:87:

     70:8e:e5:bc:7d:a8:0f:05:a1:55:60:c9:49:a0:72:1d:a1:11

serial=4AADCE89169D362399C5377AE92B06D78AF3F3DA

这里，AKI为

A5:1F:27:F8:09:78:46:4D:63:A8:23:48:B3:B4:01:1D:FB:FF:C9:43

(需要去除冒号），Serial Number为

4AADCE89169D362399C5377AE92B06D78AF3F3DA

4.5.2 示例

root@0f86c3e1cf15:/etc/hyperledger/fabric-ca# fabric-ca-client revoke -e test01

2017/03/21 11:11:05 [INFO] User provided config file: /etc/hyperledger/fabric-ca/clients/admin/fabric-ca-client-config.yaml

2017/03/21 11:11:05 Initialize BCCSP [SW]

2017/03/21 11:11:05 [INFO] Configuration file location: /etc/hyperledger/fabric-ca/clients/admin/fabric-ca-client-config.yaml

2017/03/21 11:11:05 [INFO] Revocation was successful

这里只是表述了通过eid进行撤销的方式，另一种方法总是不能成功，与Hyperledger项目组的成员沟通后，说是存在bug，目前仍在修复中。所以这里暂且不表。

5. 其他

5.1 优先级

命令执行的优先级从高到低依次是：

1 命令行flag

2 环境变量

3 配置文件

References

[1] https://github.com/hyperledger/fabric/blob/master/docs/source/Setup/ca-setup.rst

Fabric CA架构以及整体流程

go get -u github.com/hyperledger/fabric-ca/cmd/...

fabric-ca-server init -b admin:adminpw

fabric-ca-client enroll -u http://admin:adminpw@localhost:8888

fabric-ca-client register

export FABRIC_CA_CERT_FILE=$MSP_DIR/signcerts/peer.pem

export FABRIC_CA_KEY_FILE=$MSP_DIR/keystore/key.pem

fabric-ca-client reenroll

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