11.python3元组

2020-05-26  本文已影响0人  dwy_interesting

元组概念和创建元组

概念:
1.本质:是一种有序集合
2.特点:与列表非常相似、一旦初始化就不能修改、使用小括号

创建:
1.创建空元组

tuple1 = ()
print(tuple1)   #()

2.创建带有元素的元组
元组中的元素的类型可以不同

tuple2 = (1, 2, 3, "good", True)
print(tuple2)   #(1, 2, 3, "good", True)

3.定义只有1个元素的元组

tuple3 = (1,)          #就算只有一个元素,该元素后面也要有逗号,否则不为元组
print(tuple3)   #(1,)
print(type(tuple3))     #<class 'tuple'>

元组访问

格式:元组名[下标],下标不能越界,否则会报错

tuple4 = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
print(tuple4[0])    #1
print(tuple4[5])  #下标不能越界
print(tuple4[-1])  #获取最后一个元素,5
print(tuple4[-2])  #获取倒数第二个元素,4
print(tuple4[-6])  #下标不能越界,倒数从-1开始,-5是最后一个元素,-6才越界

tuple5 = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, [5, 6 ,7])
tuple5[0] = 100  #报错,报错内容:TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment
tuple5[-1] = [7, 8, 9]  #报错,报错内容:TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment
tuple5[-1][0] = 500  #可以,元组元素里的内容可以被改变
print(tuple5)   #(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, [500, 6, 7])

删除元组:
格式:del 元组名

tuple6 = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
del tuple6
print(tuple6)   #报错,报错内容:NameError: name 'tuple6' is not defined

元组操作

1.元组相加 -- +

tuple7 = (1, 2, 3)
tuple8 = (4, 5, 6)
print(tuple7 + tuple8)       #(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)

2.元组重复 -- *

tuple9 = (1, 2, 3)
print(tuple9 * 3)       #(1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3)

3.判断元素是否在元组中 -- in

tuple10 = (1, 2, 3)
print(4 in tuple10)        #False

4.元组的截取
格式: 元组名[起始下标:结尾下标],会截取[起始下标,结尾下标)闭开区间内的数据

tuple11 = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
print(tuple11[3:7])
print(tuple11[3:])
print(tuple11[:7])

元组函数

1.len(t),返回元组中元素的个数

tuple13 = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
print(len(tuple13))     #5

2.max(t),返回元组中元素的最大值

tuple14 = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
print(max(tuple14)) #5

3.min(t),返回元组中元素的最小值

tuple15 = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
print(min(tuple15)) #1

4.tuple(l),将列表转成元组

list1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
print(tuple(list1)) #( 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
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