2020-06-30

定语的成分

修饰定语的成分

1. 形容词
2. 名词
3. 介词短语
4. 非谓语动词
5. 从句

定语的位置

前小后大：当一个单词修饰名词，通常放在名词前面
当多个单词修饰名词，通常放在名词后面

the boy rejected looks painful

当过去分词修饰名词的时候，一般都放在名词之后

i have something important to tell you

当形容词修饰不定代词的时候，即使只有一个名词也放在后面

定语从句的构成

n + 引导词+ 句子

引导词没有意思

按照先行词的种类分类，共分5类

• 人 ： who whom whose
• 物： that which whose
• 时间： that which when
• 地点： that which where
• 原因 ： that which why

i will never forget the day when i met you

引导词的用法

1. 先行词
2. 引导词在从句中充当的成分,共同决定了定语从句的用法

定语从句引导词分类新的标准

引导词按照本身的词性分类分为三类

引导词取决去从句的部分

1. 代词(在从句中充当主语或者宾语) :
   • who(主语,宾语) whom(宾语) that which
2. 副词(在从句不能充当任何主干成分):
   • where when why
3. 形容词(在从句中修饰离他最近的名词):
   • whose

bulidings whose roofs are round look beautiful

这些圆顶的建筑物看起来很漂亮

it has been validated by numerous facts that glories belong to those whose have dreams

定语从句

wearing my own shose prvoes not only convenient but also ensure a point that the feelings of others can be ignored 定语从句

The point of the issuse seems who should be responsible for the decline fo ethics 表语从句

he whose appearance looks indecent proves noble in his mind 定语从句

it seems indispensable that those who sparenoefforts to realize their dreams never feel pitiful althought they fail to achieve glories

Students (who fail to concentrate in class but wish to pass examinations smoothly ) tend to find (that the consequence proves less impressive)

定语从句的特殊用法

1. that 引导定语从句,如果在从句充当宾语,that 可以省略

   i enjoy the book that my mother bought for me

   如果见到两个名词或者两个代词放在一起,中间没有被连词或者标点符号隔开,通常都是省略that 的定语从句

2. 区别限制和非限制定语从句

   在分析长难句的时候,非限制性定语从句,相当于插入语

3. 先行词和引导词之间有介词

   ​ 人 用 whom

   he is the man from whom we should learn

   物 用 which

   i will never forget the day on which i met you

4. 区别 the same ... as ; the same...that 引导的定语从句

   • he is the same man as i love ; as 翻译成像
   • he is the same man that i love; that 翻译成是

5. as 和 which 引导的非限制性定语从句

   which 引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰整个句子,as 也可以, 但是which 只能放在主语的后面,as 可前面可以后面

   he enjoy talking with youngladies, which drives me mad

6. 区别定语从句和同位语从句的区别

   i have a dream that sounds funny 定语

   i have a drean that i will become a rich lady 同位语从句

   • 如果充当了成分就是定语从句

   • 如果没有充当成分就是同位语从句

   • 定语从句的先行词是所有名词

   • 同位语从句先行词是抽象名词

   • 定语从句的引导词有8个

   • 同位语从句的引导词一般都是that

7. 定语从句的考点分析

   见到名词后面加定语

   写作

   • pet which look cute as well as healthy can reduce loneliness of senior citizens without any offspring
   • Reading books which keep beneficial to physical and mentant health can add knowledge of all children and adults

8. 英汉差异

   • 汉语意合,英语形合

   • 句子结构上

   • 逻辑关系次的使用

   • 汉语主动,英语被动

     in the past decades, a variety of mearsure were adopted by the government to prevent disasters

   • 汉语多短句,英语多长句

     • wuzhen is a water town in zj provice. it locates near canal.
     • 短句子变成长句子
       • 非谓语动词 wuzhen is a water town in zj provice, it locating near canal. 独立主格
       • 连词 wuzhen is a water town in zj provice,and it locates near canal.
       • 从句 wuzhen which locates near canal is a water town in zj provice.

     我昨天去打球了,在操场上遇见一个女人,他儿子正在跑步

     i played football yesetday , i meet a lady on the playground , her son was runing

     when i palyed football yesetday ,i meet a lady on the palyground whose son was runing

     i playing football yesetday ,i meet a lady on the playground whose son was runing

     Doors will be decorated by couplete whose topics are involved in health , wealth and good luck

分析

找定语,就是找名词,只要名词后面有东西,只要东西不是动词,就暂定时修饰名称的定语成分(状语)

名词+ 定语/插入语/同位语/ 状语/动词

定语从名词后开始到主句的谓语动词之前结束

如果定语主句谓语之后,定语就从名词后开始通常到句末结束

如果定语后面有连词,定语不再是到句末结束,而是到连词之前结束

一个大定语通常会有很多小定语,每一个小定语都是到下一个名词后结束

但那是固定搭配除外,连词会分割定语,提前结束

some of these cause are completely reasonable results of social needs . other are reasonable consequences (of particular advances / in science / being to some extent /self-accelerating)