CentOS7.9 创建本地YUM源和局域网YUM源
2022-03-17 本文已影响0人
前浪浪奔浪流
背景
由于特殊环境只有局域网，没法使用网上的各种YUM源，来回拷贝rpm包安装麻烦，还得解决依赖问题。想着在CentOS7.9搭建个本地/局域网YUM源，方便安装软件。
环境
[root@yum ~]# cat /etc/centos-release
CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)
安装
本地YUM源
ISO源
准备rpm包
挂载CentOS-7-x86_64-Everything-2009.iso，把里面所有文件都拷贝到本地目录/yum/yum-iso
[root@yum ~]# mkdir /mnt/yum-iso
[root@yum ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/yum-iso/
[root@yum ~]# mkdir /yum
[root@yum ~]# cp -a /mnt/yum-iso/ /yum/
[root@yum ~]# ll /yum/yum-iso/
总用量 328
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 14 10月 30 2020 CentOS_BuildTag
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 35 10月 27 2020 EFI
-rw-rw-r--. 1 root root 227 8月 30 2017 EULA
-rw-rw-r--. 1 root root 18009 12月 10 2015 GPL
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 57 10月 27 2020 images
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 198 11月 3 2020 isolinux
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 43 10月 27 2020 LiveOS
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 225280 11月 4 2020 Packages
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 11月 4 2020 repodata
-rw-rw-r--. 1 root root 1690 12月 10 2015 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
-rw-rw-r--. 1 root root 1690 12月 10 2015 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7
-r--r--r--. 1 root root 2883 11月 4 2020 TRANS.TBL
备份、移除其他repo
[root@yum ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@yum yum.repos.d]# ll
总用量 40
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1664 10月 23 2020 CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1309 10月 23 2020 CentOS-CR.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 649 10月 23 2020 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 314 10月 23 2020 CentOS-fasttrack.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 630 10月 23 2020 CentOS-Media.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1331 10月 23 2020 CentOS-Sources.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8515 10月 23 2020 CentOS-Vault.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 616 10月 23 2020 CentOS-x86_64-kernel.repo
[root@yum yum.repos.d]# tar zcvf repo-bk.tar.gz CentOS-*
CentOS-Base.repo
CentOS-CR.repo
CentOS-Debuginfo.repo
CentOS-fasttrack.repo
CentOS-Media.repo
CentOS-Sources.repo
CentOS-Vault.repo
CentOS-x86_64-kernel.repo
[root@yum yum.repos.d]# rm -rf CentOS-*
[root@yum yum.repos.d]# ll
总用量 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2705 3月 17 14:18 repo-bk.tar.gz
配置本地repo
vi CentOS-Media.repo
#填入如下内容
[c7-media]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Media
baseurl=file:///yum/yum-iso/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
注释：配置repo路径、关闭gbp校验、启用这个repo
制作cache
[root@yum yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
已加载插件：fastestmirror
正在清理软件源： c7-media
[root@yum yum.repos.d]# yum makecache
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
c7-media | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
(1/4): c7-media/group_gz | 153 kB 00:00:00
(2/4): c7-media/primary_db | 3.3 MB 00:00:00
(3/4): c7-media/filelists_db | 3.3 MB 00:00:00
(4/4): c7-media/other_db | 1.3 MB 00:00:00
元数据缓存已建立
这样就可以使用yum安装软件啦
[root@yum yum.repos.d]# yum install tree
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 tree.x86_64.0.1.6.0-10.el7 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成
依赖关系解决
============================================================================================================
Package 架构 版本 源 大小
============================================================================================================
正在安装:
tree x86_64 1.6.0-10.el7 c7-media 46 k
事务概要
============================================================================================================
安装 1 软件包
总下载量：46 k
安装大小：87 k
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
正在安装 : tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64 1/1
验证中 : tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64 1/1
已安装:
tree.x86_64 0:1.6.0-10.el7
完毕！
自定义YUM源
#createrepo 命令用于创建yum源（软件仓库），即为存放于本地特定位置的众多rpm包建立索引，描述各包所需依赖信息，并形成元数据。
[root@yum yum.repos.d]# yum -y install createrepo
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 createrepo.noarch.0.0.9.9-28.el7 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 python-deltarpm，它被软件包 createrepo-0.9.9-28.el7.noarch 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libxml2-python，它被软件包 createrepo-0.9.9-28.el7.noarch 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 deltarpm，它被软件包 createrepo-0.9.9-28.el7.noarch 需要
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 deltarpm.x86_64.0.3.6-3.el7 将被 安装
---> 软件包 libxml2-python.x86_64.0.2.9.1-6.el7.5 将被 安装
---> 软件包 python-deltarpm.x86_64.0.3.6-3.el7 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成
依赖关系解决
============================================================================================================================================================================
Package 架构 版本 源 大小
============================================================================================================================================================================
正在安装:
createrepo noarch 0.9.9-28.el7 c7-media 94 k
为依赖而安装:
deltarpm x86_64 3.6-3.el7 c7-media 82 k
libxml2-python x86_64 2.9.1-6.el7.5 c7-media 247 k
python-deltarpm x86_64 3.6-3.el7 c7-media 31 k
事务概要
============================================================================================================================================================================
安装 1 软件包 (+3 依赖软件包)
总下载量：454 k
安装大小：2.0 M
Downloading packages:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
总计 10 MB/s | 454 kB 00:00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
正在安装 : deltarpm-3.6-3.el7.x86_64 1/4
正在安装 : python-deltarpm-3.6-3.el7.x86_64 2/4
正在安装 : libxml2-python-2.9.1-6.el7.5.x86_64 3/4
正在安装 : createrepo-0.9.9-28.el7.noarch 4/4
验证中 : createrepo-0.9.9-28.el7.noarch 1/4
验证中 : libxml2-python-2.9.1-6.el7.5.x86_64 2/4
验证中 : deltarpm-3.6-3.el7.x86_64 3/4
验证中 : python-deltarpm-3.6-3.el7.x86_64 4/4
已安装:
createrepo.noarch 0:0.9.9-28.el7
作为依赖被安装:
deltarpm.x86_64 0:3.6-3.el7 libxml2-python.x86_64 0:2.9.1-6.el7.5 python-deltarpm.x86_64 0:3.6-3.el7
完毕！
准备rpm包
需要自己确定依赖包、目录。这里使用tree做演示。
#查找tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@yum yum.repos.d]# find / -name tree*
/usr/bin/tree
/usr/share/doc/tree-1.6.0
/usr/share/man/man1/tree.1.gz
/usr/share/mime/treemagic
/usr/include/c++/4.8.2/ext/pb_ds/detail/tree_policy
/usr/include/c++/4.8.2/ext/pb_ds/detail/tree_trace_base.hpp
/usr/include/c++/4.8.2/ext/pb_ds/tree_policy.hpp
/usr/src/kernels/3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64/include/config/audit/tree.h
/usr/src/kernels/3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64/include/config/interval/tree.h
/usr/src/kernels/3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64/include/config/quota/tree.h
/usr/src/kernels/3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64/include/config/radix/tree
/usr/src/kernels/3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64/include/config/tree
/usr/src/kernels/3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64/scripts/dtc/treesource.c
/mnt/yum-iso/Packages/tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
/yum/yum-iso/Packages/tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@yum yum.repos.d]# cp /yum/yum-iso/Packages/tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64.rpm /yum/yum-custom/packages/
[root@yum yum.repos.d]# ll /yum/yum-custom/packages/
总用量 48
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 47508 3月 17 15:48 tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
创建repo
关键步骤:-----生成repodata目录，自动创建索引信息
否则安装tree的时候会出现报错：
Error downloading packages:
tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64: failed to retrieve packages/tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64.rpm from c7-media
error was [Errno 2] Local file does not exist: /etc/yum.repos.d/-d/packages/tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@yum yum.repos.d]# cd /yum/yum-custom/
[root@yum yum-custom]# createrepo -pdo /yum/yum-custom/ /yum/yum-custom/
Spawning worker 0 with 1 pkgs
Spawning worker 1 with 0 pkgs
Spawning worker 2 with 0 pkgs
Spawning worker 3 with 0 pkgs
Workers Finished
Saving Primary metadata
Saving file lists metadata
Saving other metadata
Generating sqlite DBs
Sqlite DBs complete
#可以看到生成了一个repodata的目录
[root@yum yum-custom]# ll
总用量 4
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 42 3月 19 09:38 packages
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 3月 19 09:46 repodata
#想要查看输入信息。
#执行命令：
[root@yum yum-custom]# createrepo -v ./
Spawning worker 0 with 1 pkgs
Spawning worker 1 with 0 pkgs
Spawning worker 2 with 0 pkgs
Spawning worker 3 with 0 pkgs
Worker 0: reading packages/tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
Workers Finished
Saving Primary metadata
Saving file lists metadata
Saving other metadata
Generating sqlite DBs
Starting other db creation: Sat Mar 19 10:07:57 2022
Ending other db creation: Sat Mar 19 10:07:57 2022
Starting filelists db creation: Sat Mar 19 10:07:57 2022
Ending filelists db creation: Sat Mar 19 10:07:57 2022
Starting primary db creation: Sat Mar 19 10:07:57 2022
Ending primary db creation: Sat Mar 19 10:07:57 2022
Sqlite DBs complete
配置自定义repo
[root@yum yum.repos.d]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Media1.repo
#填入如下内容
[c9-media]
name=CentOS-$releasever-Media
baseurl=file:///yum/yum-custom/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
制作cache
[root@yum yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
已加载插件：fastestmirror
正在清理软件源： c9-media
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
[root@yum yum.repos.d]# yum makecache
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
c9-media | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
(1/3): c9-media/primary_db | 1.8 kB 00:00:00
(2/3): c9-media/filelists_db | 880 B 00:00:00
(3/3): c9-media/other_db | 1.3 kB 00:00:00
元数据缓存已建立
使用自定义repo
[root@yum yum.repos.d]# yum install tree
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 tree.x86_64.0.1.6.0-10.el7 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成
依赖关系解决
============================================================================================================================================================================
Package 架构 版本 源 大小
============================================================================================================================================================================
正在安装:
tree x86_64 1.6.0-10.el7 c7-media 46 k
事务概要
============================================================================================================================================================================
安装 1 软件包
总下载量：46 k
安装大小：87 k
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
正在安装 : tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64 1/1
验证中 : tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64 1/1
已安装:
tree.x86_64 0:1.6.0-10.el7
完毕！
局域网YUM源
局域网YUM源可以配成：本地YUM源 + FTP服务器
这里使用自定义源yum-custom（见上面） + VSFTP演示。
下载vsftpd
[root@yum yum.repos.d]# yum -y install vsftpd
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 vsftpd.x86_64.0.3.0.2-28.el7 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成
依赖关系解决
============================================================================================================================================================================
Package 架构 版本 源 大小
============================================================================================================================================================================
正在安装:
vsftpd x86_64 3.0.2-28.el7 c7-media 172 k
事务概要
============================================================================================================================================================================
安装 1 软件包
总下载量：172 k
安装大小：353 k
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
正在安装 : vsftpd-3.0.2-28.el7.x86_64 1/1
验证中 : vsftpd-3.0.2-28.el7.x86_64 1/1
已安装:
vsftpd.x86_64 0:3.0.2-28.el7
完毕！
关闭selinux和防火墙
查看selinux状态
[root@yum yum-custom]# getenforce
Disabled
[root@yum yum.repos.d]# vi /etc/selinux/config
修改如下：
SELINUX=disabled
[root@yum yum.repos.d]# reboot
[root@yum yum-custom]# cat /etc/selinux/config
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
# enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
# permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
# disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three values:
# targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
# minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.
# mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted
关闭防火墙，并永久关闭
[root@yum yum-custom]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@yum yum-custom]# systemctl disable firewalld
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@yum yum-custom]#
配置vsftpd
编辑vsftp.conf
并增加匿名用户root目录（默认已经启用匿名访问）
anon_root=/yum/yum-custom/
注意目录权限如下
[root@yum yum-custom]# ll -a /yum/yum-custom/
总用量 4
drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 38 3月 19 10:07 .
drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 39 3月 17 15:46 ..
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 42 3月 19 09:38 packages
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 3月 19 10:07 repodata
启用vsftp
[root@yum ~]# systemctl start vsftpd
[root@yum ~]# systemctl enable vsftpd
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/vsftpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.service.
[root@yum ~]# systemctl status vsftpd
● vsftpd.service - Vsftpd ftp daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since 五 2022-03-18 15:02:44 CST; 17s ago
Main PID: 1668 (vsftpd)
CGroup: /system.slice/vsftpd.service
└─1668 /usr/sbin/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
3月 18 15:02:44 yum systemd[1]: Starting Vsftpd ftp daemon...
3月 18 15:02:44 yum systemd[1]: Started Vsftpd ftp daemon.
[root@yum ~]#
本地电脑访问ftp://192.168.100.169
image.png
局域网使用
在另外一台服务器web1上配置repo
[root@web1 ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@web1 yum.repos.d]# mkdir back
[root@web1 yum.repos.d]# mv *.repo back/
[root@web1 yum.repos.d]# vim CentOS-Media.repo
[c7-media]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Media
baseurl=ftp://192.168.100.169
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
其中192.168.118.169为上面vsftp服务器地址
启用这个局域网的repo
[root@web1 yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
正在清理软件源： c7-media
Cleaning up everything
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
[root@web1 yum.repos.d]# yum makecache
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
c7-media | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
(1/3): c7-media/filelists_db | 880 B 00:00:00
(2/3): c7-media/other_db | 1.3 kB 00:00:00
(3/3): c7-media/primary_db | 1.8 kB 00:00:00
Determining fastest mirrors
元数据缓存已建立
[root@web1 yum.repos.d]# yum install -y tree
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 tree.x86_64.0.1.6.0-10.el7 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成
依赖关系解决
=================================================================================================================================================
Package 架构 版本 源 大小
=================================================================================================================================================
正在安装:
tree x86_64 1.6.0-10.el7 c7-media 46 k
事务概要
=================================================================================================================================================
安装 1 软件包
总下载量：46 k
安装大小：87 k
Downloading packages:
tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64.rpm | 46 kB 00:00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
正在安装 : tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64 1/1
验证中 : tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64 1/1
已安装:
tree.x86_64 0:1.6.0-10.el7
完毕！
参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/hailun1987/p/9827329.html?ivk_sa=1024320u
