Maven进阶笔记

2021-04-27 本文已影响0人黄大海

适用人群

对maven有一些基本的概念，会一些日常的操作
希望深入了解maven的概念和机制，解释一些底层的细节

生命周期、阶段、插件、目标

mvn clean dependency:copy-dependencies package
- 执行clean生命周期中clean阶段之前(包括)所有的阶段
- 执行 dependency插件copy-dependencies这个目标
- 执行default生命周期中package阶段之前(包括)所有的阶段

clean

<phases>
    <phase>pre-clean</phase>
    <phase>clean</phase>
    <phase>post-clean</phase>
 </phases>
<default-phases>
    <clean>
      org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean
    </clean>
</default-phases>

default

  <phases>
    <phase>validate</phase>
    <phase>initialize</phase>
    <phase>generate-sources</phase>
    <phase>process-sources</phase>
    <phase>generate-resources</phase>
    <phase>process-resources</phase>
    <phase>compile</phase>
    <phase>process-classes</phase>
    <phase>generate-test-sources</phase>
    <phase>process-test-sources</phase>
    <phase>generate-test-resources</phase>
    <phase>process-test-resources</phase>
    <phase>test-compile</phase>
    <phase>process-test-classes</phase>
    <phase>test</phase>
    <phase>prepare-package</phase>
    <phase>package</phase>
    <phase>pre-integration-test</phase>
    <phase>integration-test</phase>
    <phase>post-integration-test</phase>
    <phase>verify</phase>
    <phase>install</phase>
    <phase>deploy</phase>
</phases>

site

<phases>
    <phase>pre-site</phase>
    <phase>site</phase>
    <phase>post-site</phase>
    <phase>site-deploy</phase>
</phases>
<default-phases>
    <site>
      org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-site-plugin:3.3:site
    </site>
    <site-deploy>
      org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-site-plugin:3.3:deploy
    </site-deploy>
</default-phases>

不同打包类型绑定的阶段、插件和目标

pom

<phases>
    <install>
      org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-install-plugin:2.4:install
    </install>
    <deploy>
      org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-deploy-plugin:2.7:deploy
    </deploy>
</phases>

jar

<phases>
    <process-resources>
      org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources
    </process-resources>
    <compile>
      org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile
    </compile>
    <process-test-resources>
      org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources
    </process-test-resources>
    <test-compile>
      org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile
    </test-compile>
    <test>
      org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test
    </test>
    <package>
      org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar
    </package>
    <install>
      org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-install-plugin:2.4:install
    </install>
    <deploy>
      org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-deploy-plugin:2.7:deploy
    </deploy>
</phases>

war

<phases>
    <process-resources>
      org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources
    </process-resources>
    <compile>
      org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile
    </compile>
    <process-test-resources>
      org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources
    </process-test-resources>
    <test-compile>
      org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile
    </test-compile>
    <test>
      org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test
    </test>
    <package>
      org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-war-plugin:2.2:war
    </package>
    <install>
      org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-install-plugin:2.4:install
    </install>
    <deploy>
      org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-deploy-plugin:2.7:deploy
    </deploy>
</phases>

POM(Project Object Model)

Super POM

位置 $MAVEN_HOME/lib/maven-model-builder-x.y.z.jar!/org/apache/maven/model/pom-4.0.0.xml

<project>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

<repositories>
  <repository>
    <id>central</id>
    <name>Central Repository</name>
    <url>http://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2</url>
    <layout>default</layout>
    <snapshots>
      <enabled>false</enabled>
    </snapshots>
  </repository>
</repositories>

<pluginRepositories>
  <pluginRepository>
    <id>central</id>
    <name>Central Repository</name>
    <url>http://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2</url>
    <layout>default</layout>
    <snapshots>
      <enabled>false</enabled>
    </snapshots>
    <releases>
      <updatePolicy>never</updatePolicy>
    </releases>
  </pluginRepository>
</pluginRepositories>

<build>
  <directory>${project.basedir}/target</directory>
  <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/classes</outputDirectory>
  <finalName>${project.artifactId}-${project.version}</finalName>
  <testOutputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/test-classes</testOutputDirectory>
  <sourceDirectory>${project.basedir}/src/main/java</sourceDirectory>
  <scriptSourceDirectory>src/main/scripts</scriptSourceDirectory>
  <testSourceDirectory>${project.basedir}/src/test/java</testSourceDirectory>
  <resources>
    <resource>
      <directory>${project.basedir}/src/main/resources</directory>
    </resource>
  </resources>
  <testResources>
    <testResource>
      <directory>${project.basedir}/src/test/resources</directory>
    </testResource>
  </testResources>
  <pluginManagement>
    <!-- NOTE: These plugins will be removed from future versions of the super POM -->
    <!-- They are kept for the moment as they are very unlikely to conflict with lifecycle mappings (MNG-4453) -->
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>1.3</version>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.2-beta-5</version>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.1</version>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-release-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.0</version>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </pluginManagement>
</build>

<reporting>
  <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/site</outputDirectory>
</reporting>

<profiles>
  <!-- NOTE: The release profile will be removed from future versions of the super POM -->
  <profile>
    <id>release-profile</id>

    <activation>
      <property>
        <name>performRelease</name>
        <value>true</value>
      </property>
    </activation>

    <build>
      <plugins>
        <plugin>
          <inherited>true</inherited>
          <artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId>
          <executions>
            <execution>
              <id>attach-sources</id>
              <goals>
                <goal>jar</goal>
              </goals>
            </execution>
          </executions>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <inherited>true</inherited>
          <artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>
          <executions>
            <execution>
              <id>attach-javadocs</id>
              <goals>
                <goal>jar</goal>
              </goals>
            </execution>
          </executions>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <inherited>true</inherited>
          <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
          <configuration>
            <updateReleaseInfo>true</updateReleaseInfo>
          </configuration>
        </plugin>
      </plugins>
    </build>
  </profile>
</profiles>

</project>

继承和聚合

<project>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
   
    <parent>
          <groupId>com.mycompany.app</groupId>
          <artifactId>my-app</artifactId>
          <version>1</version>
    </parent>
   
    <artifactId>my-module</artifactId>
</project>

<project>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
   
    <groupId>com.mycompany.app</groupId>
    <artifactId>my-app</artifactId>
    <version>1</version>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
   
    <modules>
          <module>my-module</module>
    </modules>
</project>

内置properties

value	evaluation result	common examples
project.*	POM content(参考 Super POM)	${project.version}<br>$ {project.build.finalName} ${project.artifactId} <br>$ {project.build.directory}
project.basedir	the directory containing the pom.xml file	${project.basedir}
project.baseUri	the directory containing the pom.xml file as URI	${project.baseUri}
build.timestamp maven.build.timestamp	the UTC timestamp of build start, in yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss'Z' default format, which can be overridden with maven.build.timestamp.format POM property	${maven.build.timestamp}
*	user properties, set from CLI with -Dproperty=value	${skipTests}
*	model properties, such as project properties set in the pom	${any.key}
maven.home	The path to the current Maven home.	${maven.home}
maven.version	The version number of the current Maven execution (since 3.0.4). For example, "3.0.5".	${maven.version}
maven.build.version	The full build version of the current Maven execution (since 3.0.4). For example, "Apache Maven 3.2.2 (r01de14724cdef164cd33c7c8c2fe155faf9602da; 2013-02-19T14:51:28+01:00)".	${maven.build.version}
maven.repo.local	The repository on the local machine Maven shall use to store installed and downloaded artifacts (POMs, JARs, etc).	${user.home}/.m2/repository
*	Java system properties(see JDK reference)	${user.home} <br>$ {java.home}
env.* *	environment variables	${env.PATH}
settings.*	Local user settings (see settings reference)	${settings.localRepository}

依赖管理

解决依赖冲突，最近原则

D 1.0 生肖

  A
├── B
│   └── C
│       └── D 2.0
└── E
    └── D 1.0

D 3.0 生效

  A
├── B
│   └── C
│       └── D 2.0
├── E
│   └── D 1.0
│
└── D 3.0    
│
└── D 4.0

scope
- compile 默认类型参与所有机制
- provided 代表由环境提供，不用在打包时包含
- runtime 只在运行时需要，不参与编译
- test 只在测试代码中需要
- system 类似provided 不从maven仓库拿包，从系统路径拿包
- import 特殊类型，只导入dependencyManagement
- 不同类型的生效关系
scope\生效阶段编译时测试运行时传递依赖

compile ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

provided ✓ ✓ ✕ ✕

runtime ✕ ✓ ✓ ✓

test ✕ ✓ ✕ ✕

system ✓ ✓ ✕ ✕
- 上层依赖scope与传递依赖冲突时的判定
上层scope\传递依赖 compile provided runtime test

compile compile - runtime -

provided provided - provided -

runtime runtime - runtime -

test test - test -
type
- pom
- jar
- maven-plugin
- ebb
- war
- ear
- rar
- java-source
- javadoc
- ejb-client
- test-jar
classifier
- sources
- javadoc
- client
- tests
最小粒度依赖 {groupId, artifactId, type, classifier}
默认依赖 {groupId, artifactId, 'jar', null}
阻止传递依赖
- 被动: optional B->C(optional) A->B-✕(C)
- 主动: exclusion

scope\生效阶段	编译时	测试	运行时	传递依赖
compile	✓	✓	✓	✓
provided	✓	✓	✕	✕
runtime	✕	✓	✓	✓
test	✕	✓	✕	✕
system	✓	✓	✕	✕

上层scope\传递依赖	compile	provided	runtime	test
compile	compile	-	runtime	-
provided	provided	-	provided	-
runtime	runtime	-	runtime	-
test	test	-	test	-

仓库配置

仓库加载顺序
- $maven_home/conf/settings.xml
- $user_home/.m2/settings.xml
- local pom
- parent pom
- super pom
- dependency pom
镜像，替换某个(某些)仓库
- 替换中央仓库(mirrorOf)

  <mirrors>
    <mirror>
      <id>other-mirror</id>
      <name>Other Mirror Repository</name>
      <url>https://other-mirror.repo.other-company.com/maven2</url>
      <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
    </mirror>
  </mirrors>

Maven进阶笔记

适用人群

生命周期、阶段、插件、目标

不同打包类型绑定的阶段、插件和目标

POM(Project Object Model)

依赖管理

仓库配置

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