python创建单例模式的四种方法

1、使用new方法

class Singleton(object):
    def __new__(cls, *args, **kw):
        if not hasattr(cls, '_instance'):
            orig = super(Singleton, cls)
            cls._instance = orig.__new__(cls, *args, **kw)
        return cls._instance
 
class MyClass(Singleton):
    a = 1

2、共享属性

创建实例时把所有实例的dict指向同一个字典,这样它们具有相同的属性和方法.

class Borg(object):
    _state = {}
    def __new__(cls, *args, **kw):
        ob = super(Borg, cls).__new__(cls, *args, **kw)
        ob.__dict__ = cls._state
        return ob
 
class MyClass2(Borg):
    a = 1

3、 装饰器版本

def singleton(cls, *args, **kw):
    instances = {}
    def getinstance():
        if cls not in instances:
            instances[cls] = cls(*args, **kw)
        return instances[cls]
    return getinstance
 
@singleton
class MyClass:
  ...

4、 import方法

# mysingleton.py
class My_Singleton(object):
    def foo(self):
        pass
 
my_singleton = My_Singleton()
 
# to use
from mysingleton import my_singleton
 
my_singleton.foo()