C#高精度定时器

2020-05-26  本文已影响0人  安静的程序员

因在项目中需要使用定时器播放帧动画,系统自带的定时器每秒最多执行60帧,因为误差较大,如果用于计时的任务,则会随着时间的增加,误差会变的越来越大。
好在Windows系统提供了一种精度更高的定时器:多媒体定时器(Multimedia Timers),最高可以精确至1毫秒。
微软官方文档:https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows/win32/multimedia/multimedia-timers
为了方便使用,我封装了一个库,下面是主要代码(完整代码请参考附件):

namespace HighPrecisionTimer
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 定时器分辨率:毫秒
    /// </summary>
    struct TimerCaps
    {
        /// <summary>最小周期</summary>
        public int periodMin;
        /// <summary>最大周期</summary>
        public int periodMax;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 高精度定时器
    /// </summary>
    public class HPTimer
    {
        static HPTimer()
        {
            TimeGetDevCaps(ref _caps, Marshal.SizeOf(_caps));
        }

        public HPTimer()
        {
            Running = false;
            _interval = _caps.periodMin;
            _resolution = _caps.periodMin;
            _callback = new TimerCallback(TimerEventCallback);
        }

        ~HPTimer()
        {
            TimeKillEvent(_id);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 系统定时器回调
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="id">定时器编号</param>
        /// <param name="msg">预留,不使用</param>
        /// <param name="user">用户实例数据</param>
        /// <param name="param1">预留,不使用</param>
        /// <param name="param2">预留,不使用</param>
        private delegate void TimerCallback(int id, int msg, int user, int param1, int param2);

        #region 动态库接口

        /// <summary>
        /// 查询设备支持的定时器分辨率
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="ptc">定时器分辨率结构体指针</param>
        /// <param name="cbtc">定时器分辨率结构体大小</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        [DllImport("winmm.dll", EntryPoint = "timeGetDevCaps")]
        private static extern TimerError TimeGetDevCaps(ref TimerCaps ptc, int cbtc);

        /// <summary>
        /// 绑定定时器事件
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="delay">延时:毫秒</param>
        /// <param name="resolution">分辨率</param>
        /// <param name="callback">回调接口</param>
        /// <param name="user">用户提供的回调数据</param>
        /// <param name="eventType"></param>
        [DllImport("winmm.dll", EntryPoint = "timeSetEvent")]
        private static extern int TimeSetEvent(int delay, int resolution, TimerCallback callback, int user, int eventType);

        /// <summary>
        /// 终止定时器
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="id">定时器编号</param>
        [DllImport("winmm.dll", EntryPoint = "timeKillEvent")]
        private static extern TimerError TimeKillEvent(int id);

        #endregion

        #region 属性

        /// <summary>时间间隔:毫秒</summary>
        public int Interval
        {
            get { return _interval; }
            set
            {
                if (value < _caps.periodMin || value > _caps.periodMax)
                    throw new Exception("无效的计时间隔");
                _interval = value;
            }
        }

        public bool Running { get; private set; }

        #endregion

        #region 事件

        public event Action Ticked;

        #endregion

        #region 公开方法

        public void Start()
        {
            if (!Running)
            {
                _id = TimeSetEvent(_interval, _resolution, _callback, 0,
                    (int)EventType01.TIME_PERIODIC | (int)EventType02.TIME_KILL_SYNCHRONOUS);
                if (_id == 0) throw new Exception("启动定时器失败");
                Running = true;
            }
        }

        public void Stop()
        {
            if (Running)
            {
                TimeKillEvent(_id);
                Running = false;
            }
        }

        #endregion

        #region 内部方法

        private void TimerEventCallback(int id, int msg, int user, int param1, int param2)
        {
            Ticked?.Invoke();
        }

        #endregion

        #region 字段

        // 系统定时器分辨率
        private static TimerCaps _caps;
        // 定时器间隔
        private int _interval;
        // 定时器分辨率
        private int _resolution;
        // 定时器回调
        private TimerCallback _callback;
        // 定时器编号
        private int _id;

        #endregion
    }
}

完整项目:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1Lz6PbGsj4If0Y8jbdaQigg
提取码:jkl2

上一篇下一篇

猜你喜欢

热点阅读