过去完成进行时讲解与训练
一、概念：过去完成进行时表示在过去较早的时间内进行的动作，并对过去某一刻的动作或状态产生结果。
二、构成：过去完成进行时由had been加现在分词构成。
三、和过去完成时连用的时间状语： for many years before I went to college.
四、句式
1.1 过去完成进行时的构成
肯定句：主语 + had been + 现在分词...
疑问句：疑问代词/疑问副词 + had + 主语 + been + 现在分词...?
1.2 过去完成进行时的肯定句
句型：主语 + had been + 现在分词...
过去完成进行时的肯定句由“助动词had + been（been为be动词的过去分词） + 现在分词”构成：
She was tired. She had been working all day.她很累了。她整天都在工作。
When I first met Jane，she had been working in that school for10years.我第一次遇到简的时候，她已在那所学校干了10年了。
1.3 过去完成进行时的特殊疑问句
句型：疑问代词/疑问副词 + had + 主语 + been + 现在分词...?
过去完成进行时的特殊疑问句是将疑问代词/疑问副词置于助动词had之前（had的第一个字母无需大写），和一般疑问句差不多；这种语序是倒装语序。就主语提问时，将疑问代词或带有疑问限定词的名词词组置于助动词had之前，在句尾加问号；这种语序是陈述句语序：
How long had it been raining before you shut the window? 你关窗户之前雨下了多久了?
五、 过去完成进行时的用法
1.表示过去某时以前持续的动作
过去完成进行时的主要特点与现在完成进行时的主要特点基本相似，只是时间推移到了过去：
I was tired that day，because I had been working all day.我那天累了，我干了一整天的活。
His eyes were red. It was obvious that he had been working too hard.他眼睛红了，显然是前一段时间他工作太紧张了。
过去完成进行时表示一个动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到另一个过去时刻，到那个时刻，该动作可能刚刚终止，也可能还在继续：
At last they got the information they had been expecting.最后他们得到了盼望得到的信息。（刚刚终止）
When I got home，I found that Jack had been working on his home-work.当我回家时，发现杰克在做作业。（可能还在继续）
过去完成进行时表示一个动作已经结束，但其结果仍影响到过去某一时刻：
It had been snowing for several days. The ground was all covered with snow.接连下了几天的雪，地上到处是积雪。
某些表示持续动作的动词如work（工作），teach（教授），study（学习），sing（演唱）等，在与表示一段时间的状语连用时，可用过去完成进行时和过去完成时，表示一个动作一直延续到过去某一时刻，但前者更强调动作的持续性和不间断性：
I'd been studying for2hours when he called.他打电话来的时候，我持续学习了两个小时。
I'd studied for2hours when he called.他打电话来的时候，我已经学习了两个小时了。
2.用于得出结论
过去完成进行时可以表示根据直接或间接的证据而得出结论：
His eyes were red. It was obvious that he had been working too hard.他的眼睛红了，显然前一段时间他工作太紧张了。
3.用于间接引语
They said they had been having a match with Class One.他们说刚才和1班进行了一场比赛。
附：过去完成时扩展
过去完成进行时（Past Perfect Progressive Tense）
如果我们要强调较早发生事件的连续性，我们可以用过去完成进行式。占去完成进行式和现在进行式惟一不同的地方是 verb to have 的地方一定要用had 。
以下是一些过去完成进行式的例子：
1. I had been watching TV before you called me.
2. I had been working hard in a company for many years before I went to college.
3. He had been studying before he went to class.
4. He had been driving all day before he went to sleep.
现在/过去完成进行时的用法：
A. 在某段时间内一直进行的动作用现在完成进行时来强调动作在某段时间里的持续性．动作通常有"现在"的结果，要根据上下文来确定到"现在"为止，动作是否还在继续进行．同样，过去完成进行时表示在过去更早时间内进行的动作, 并对过去某一时刻产生结果。
B.表示重复动作的现在/过去完成进行时
我们也可以用完成进行时形式来表示现在或过去经常重复的动作
注意：过去完成进行时和过去完成时类似，需要有过去这一时间点。
过去完成进行时构成：
过去完成进行时是由"had been + 现在分词"构成。
She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.
她在考试之前一直患重感冒。
Had they been expecting the news for some time?
他们期待这个消息有一段时间了吧？
Rafael was scolded even though he hadn't been doing anything wrong.
尽管拉斐尔没做什么错事，但他还是挨骂了。
过去完成进行时用法
①表示过去某一时间之前一直进行的动作。
过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到这一过去时间。和过去完成时一样，过去完成进行时也必须以一过去时间为前提。
I had been looking for it for days before I found it.
这东西我找了好多天才找着的。
They had only been waiting for the bus a few moments when it came.
他们只等了一会儿车就来了。
②表示反复的动作。
He had been mentioning your name to me.
他过去多次向我提到过你的名字。
You had been giving me everything.
你对我真是有求必应。
③过去完成进行时还常用于间接引语中(详见第12章)。
The doctor asked what he had been eating.
医生问他吃了什么。
I asked where they had been staying all those days.
我问他们那些天是呆在哪儿的。
④过去完成进行时之后也可接具有“突然”之意的when分句。
I had only been reading a few minutes when he came in.
我刚看了几分钟他就进来了。
She'd only been reviewing her lessons for a short while when her little sister interrupted her.
她温习功课才一会儿，她妹妹就打断她了。
I had been sleeping when my friend telephone me.
我正在睡觉时，我的朋友给我打电话。
