手把手带你搭建Mvp+Dagger架构
0. 序言
- 之前写过一篇名为"看完不会写MVP架构我跪搓板"的博文,收到一些阅读者的建议,希望能够对Rxjava的生命周期进行管理以及添加Dagger到MVP架构中,所以今天抽一点时间写一篇拿来即可于实战的Demo。假如对基本的MVP架构不甚了解的可先看上述博文,因为这篇博文重点讲解Dagger部分,博文地址:https://www.jianshu.com/p/44399bf0c8d2 (有些地方还是讲得不够清楚,有些地方没有讲,会对Dagger方面的文章进行再次梳理)
- Demo的技术组成:Mvp+Retrofit2+Rxjava2+RxLifeCycle2+Dagger2,其中RxLifeCycle2即为管理Rxjava生命周期的三方库。
- 有些类代码较多,只拿核心代码呈现,完整的项目地址见文尾。
1. 博文目录
- 添加依赖
- 创建项目基本目录
- 实现Model
- 定义契约接口NewsInfoContract
- 实现Presenter
- 实现View
- 补充网络配置代码
- 适配Android28网络请求
- 添加Dagger2
- 实现RetrofitManager单例
2. 添加依赖
implementation 'com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:2.5.0'
implementation 'com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-gson:2.5.0'
implementation 'com.squareup.retrofit2:adapter-rxjava2:2.5.0'
implementation 'io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxjava:2.2.4'
implementation 'io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxandroid:2.1.0'
implementation 'com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:3.12.0'
implementation 'com.squareup.okhttp3:logging-interceptor:3.5.0'
implementation 'com.trello.rxlifecycle2:rxlifecycle-android-lifecycle:2.2.1'
3. 创建项目基本目录
image.png4. 实现Model
- 创建实体类NewsInfo:
public class NewsInfo {
private String reason;
private ResultBean result;
...
public static class ResultBean {
private String stat;
private List<DataBean> data;
...
public static class DataBean {
private String uniquekey;
private String title;
private String date;
private String category;
private String author_name;
private String url;
private String thumbnail_pic_s;
private String thumbnail_pic_s02;
private String thumbnail_pic_s03;
...
}
}
}
- 定义获取网络数据的接口类NetTask:
public interface NetTask {
void execute(LifecycleProvider lifecycleProvider, String type, LoadTasksCallBack callBack);
}
public interface LoadTasksCallBack {
void OnSuccess(NewsInfo newsInfo);
void OnStart();
void onFailed();
void onFinish();
}
- 编写NetTask的实现类NewsInfoTask:
public class NewsInfoTask implements NetTask {
private Disposable mDisposable;
private NewsInfoTask() {
}
public static NewsInfoTask getInstance() {
return NewsInfoTaskHolder.sNewsInfoFask;
}
private static class NewsInfoTaskHolder {
private static final NewsInfoTask sNewsInfoFask = new NewsInfoTask();
}
@Override
public void execute(LifecycleProvider lifecycleProvider,String type, final LoadTasksCallBack callBack) {
RetrofitManager.getInstance().getRetrofit(Constant.BASEURL).create(NewsService.class)
.getNewsInfo(type, BuildConfig.NewKey)
.subscribeOn(Schedulers.io())
.observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread())
.compose(lifecycleProvider.<Long>bindUntilEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_DESTROY))
.subscribe(new Observer<NewsInfo>() {
@Override
public void onSubscribe(Disposable disposable) {
mDisposable= disposable;
callBack.OnStart();
}
@Override
public void onNext(NewsInfo newsInfo) {
callBack.OnSuccess(newsInfo);
}
@Override
public void onError(Throwable e) {
callBack.onFailed();
}
@Override
public void onComplete() {
callBack.onFinish();
mDisposable.dispose();
}
});
}
}
6. 定义契约接口NewsInfoContract:
public interface NewsInfoContract {
interface Presenter{
void getNewsInfo(LifecycleProvider lifecycleProvider, String type);
}
interface View {
void setNewsInfo(NewsInfo newsInfo);
void showLoading();
void hideLoading();
void showError();
}
}
7. 实现Presenter
- 编写NewsInfoContract.Presenter接口的实现类NewsInfoPresenter:
public class NewsInfoPresenter implements NewsInfoContract.Presenter,LoadTasksCallBack {
private NetTask mNetTask;
private NewsInfoContract.View mView;
public NewsInfoPresenter(NetTask netTask,NewsInfoContract.View view) {
mNetTask = netTask;
mView = view;
}
@Override
public void getNewsInfo(LifecycleProvider lifecycleProvider, String type) {
mNetTask.execute(lifecycleProvider,type,this);
}
@Override
public void OnSuccess(NewsInfo newsInfo) {
mView.setNewsInfo(newsInfo);
}
@Override
public void OnStart() {
mView.showLoading();
}
@Override
public void onFailed() {
mView.showError();
mView.hideLoading();
}
@Override
public void onFinish() {
mView.hideLoading();
}
}
6. 实现View
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements NewsInfoContract.View {
private NewsInfoContract.Presenter mPresenter = new NewsInfoPresenter(NewsInfoTask.getInstance(),this);
LifecycleProvider<Lifecycle.Event> lifecycleProvider = AndroidLifecycle.createLifecycleProvider(this);
private TextView mNew_Content;
private Dialog mDialog;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
mNew_Content = findViewById(R.id.tv_content);
mDialog = new ProgressDialog(this);
mDialog.setTitle(R.string.dialog_get_info);
findViewById(R.id.bt_get_news).setOnClickListener(v -> {
mPresenter.getNewsInfo(lifecycleProvider,Constant.DEFAULT_TYPE);
});
}
@Override
public void setNewsInfo(NewsInfo newsInfo) {
if (newsInfo != null && newsInfo.getResult() != null && newsInfo.getResult().getData() != null) {
mNew_Content.setText(newsInfo.getResult().getData().get(0).getTitle());
}
}
@Override
public void showLoading() {
mDialog.show();
}
@Override
public void hideLoading() {
if (mDialog.isShowing())
mDialog.dismiss();
}
@Override
public void showError() {
Toast.makeText(this, R.string.toast_net_tip, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
7. 补充网络配置代码
- Retrofit 管理类:
public class RetrofitManager {
private static Retrofit sRetrofit = null;
private static String sUrl = "";
private static final int TIMEOUT = 20;
private RetrofitManager() {
}
public static RetrofitManager getInstance() {
return RetrofitManagerHolder.sInstance;
}
private static class RetrofitManagerHolder {
private static final RetrofitManager sInstance = new RetrofitManager();
}
public Retrofit getRetrofit(String baseUrl) {
sUrl = baseUrl;
if (sRetrofit == null) {
return create();
} else {
return sRetrofit;
}
}
private Retrofit create() {
HttpLoggingInterceptor loggingInterceptor = new HttpLoggingInterceptor();
if (BuildConfig.DEBUG) {
loggingInterceptor.setLevel(HttpLoggingInterceptor.Level.BODY);
} else {
loggingInterceptor.setLevel(HttpLoggingInterceptor.Level.BASIC);
}
OkHttpClient okHttpClient = new OkHttpClient.Builder().addInterceptor(loggingInterceptor)
.connectTimeout(TIMEOUT,TimeUnit.SECONDS)
.readTimeout(TIMEOUT, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
.writeTimeout(TIMEOUT, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
.retryOnConnectionFailure(true).build();
sRetrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
.baseUrl(sUrl)
.addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())
.addCallAdapterFactory(RxJava2CallAdapterFactory.create())
.client(okHttpClient)
.build();
return sRetrofit;
}
}
- 网络请求接口服务类NewsService:
public interface NewsService {
@GET("toutiao/index")
Observable<NewsInfo> getNewsInfo(@Query("type") String type, @Query("key")String key);
}
8. 适配Android28网络请求
- 在res目录下创建名为xml的文件夹,并在文件夹里面创建名为network_security_config的xml文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<network-security-config>
<base-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true" />
</network-security-config>
- AndroidManifest配置文件中添加配置:
android:networkSecurityConfig="@xml/network_security_config"
9. 添加Dagger2
9.0 分析
这里我们需要把NewsInfoTask和MainActivity注入到了Presenter中,把Presenter注入到了MainActivity中。
9.1 Dagger2实现NewsInfoTask单例
- 去掉NewsInfoTask以下代码:
private NewsInfoTask() {
}
public static NewsInfoTask getInstance() {
return NewsInfoTaskHolder.sNewsInfoFask;
}
private static class NewsInfoTaskHolder {
private static final NewsInfoTask sNewsInfoFask = new NewsInfoTask();
}
- 新建名为NetTaskModule的Module:
@Module
public class NetTaskModule {
@Singleton
@Provides
public NetTask provideNewsInfoTask(){
return new NewsInfoTask();
}
}
说明:生成NewsInfoTask的实例对象,并用@Singleton修饰。
- 新建名为NetTaskComponent的Component:
@Singleton
@Component(modules = NetTaskModule.class)
public interface NetTaskComponent {
NetTask getNetTask();
}
说明:
① NetTaskModule 中的方法provideNewsInfoTask用@Singleton修饰,NetTaskComponent也必须用@Singleton修饰。
② NetTaskComponent中不需要指明注入的目标,而需要提供实例对象的时候,可以用“NetTask getNetTask();”这种形式表示,指明返回的是NetTask,返回值很重要。
- 实现NewsInfoTask在App全局单例:
@Singleton可以保证局部单例,即NetTaskComponent下的注入目标中NewsInfoTask的内存地址都是同一个,而一旦创建其他Component并关联NetTaskModule,此时创建出的NewsInfoTask的内存地址就会发生变化,所以保证全局单例我们只能初始化一次Component,而初始化的地方就是Application:
public class App extends Application {
private NetTaskComponent mNetTaskComponent;
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
mNetTaskComponent = DaggerNetTaskComponent.builder().build();
}
public static App get(Context context){
return (App)context.getApplicationContext();
}
public NetTaskComponent getNetTaskComponent() {
return mNetTaskComponent;
}
}
说明:这里通过.builder().build()来获取NetTaskComponent。需要NewsInfoTask只通过NetTaskComponent,就可以保证NewsInfoTask对象的内存地址唯一了。
9.2 Presenter注入MainActivity
- @Inject修饰构造方法
@Inject
public NewsInfoPresenter(NewsInfoContract.View view,NetTask netTask) {
mView = view;
mNetTask = netTask;
}
说明:@Inject修饰构造方法意思是告诉Dagger2可以用这个构造方法构建NewsInfoPresenter。只有构造方法上有@Inject注解修饰,NewsInfoPresenter才可以对外提供实例对象。
- NewsInfoContract.View添加setPresenter方法
public interface NewsInfoContract {
interface Presenter{
void getNewsInfo(LifecycleProvider lifecycleProvider, String type);
}
interface View {
void setNewsInfo(NewsInfo newsInfo);
void showLoading();
void hideLoading();
void showError();
void setPresenter(NewsInfoPresenter presenter);
}
}
- NewsInfoPresenter创建setPresenter方法,并用@Inject修饰
@Inject
void setPresenter(){
mView.setPresenter(this);
}
说明:@Inject修饰方法的意思是方法注入,这里是把NewsInfoPresenter注入给MainActivity。方法注入是在构造方法后执行的。方法注入需要构造方法使用@Inject注解修饰,不然方法注入无法执行。
- MainActivity中用@Inject修饰变量NewsInfoPresenter:
@Inject
NewsInfoPresenter mPresenter;
说明:@Inject修饰变量意思是NewsInfoPresenter需要依赖注入。
- MainActivity实现setPresenter方法
@Override
public void setPresenter(NewsInfoPresenter presenter) {
mPresenter = presenter;
}
综上:以上几步完成了Persenter注入到MainActivity。
9.3 NewsInfoTask和MainActivity注入到了Presenter
- 创建名为ActivityScoped的自定义Scope:
@Scope
@Documented
@Retention(RUNTIME)
public @interface ActivityScoped {
}
- 创建NewsInfoModule的Module:
@Module
public class NewsInfoModule {
private NewsInfoContract.View mView;
public NewsInfoModule(NewsInfoContract.View view) {
mView = view;
}
@Provides
public NewsInfoContract.View provideNewsInfoContractView() {
return mView;
}
}
说明:这里是为了将NewsInfoContract.View注入给MainActivity。
- 创建名为MainActivityComponent的Component:
@ActivityScoped
@Component(modules = NewsInfoModule.class,dependencies =NetTaskComponent.class)
public interface MainActivityComponent {
void inject(MainActivity mainActivity);
}
说明:
① dependencies意思是把NetTaskComponent的内容也拿过来注入。
② @ActivityScoped之所以创建自定义Scope是因为如果dependencies中的NetTaskComponent用了@Singleton修饰,这里就不能使用@Singleton修饰了。
- 修改MainActivity完成注入:
DaggerMainActivityComponent.builder().newsInfoModule(new NewsInfoModule(this))
.netTaskComponent(App.get(this).getNetTaskComponent()).build().inject(this);
说明:因为Presenter需要两个参数,所以这里一句话就把需要的两个参数传入了Presenter。我们看下DaggerMainActivityComponent的源码:
public Builder newsInfoModule(NewsInfoModule newsInfoModule) {
this.newsInfoModule = Preconditions.checkNotNull(newsInfoModule);
return this;
}
public Builder netTaskComponent(NetTaskComponent netTaskComponent) {
this.netTaskComponent = Preconditions.checkNotNull(netTaskComponent);
return this;
}
说明:.newsInfoModule和.netTaskComponent接收Presenter需要的两个参数。然后看build():
public MainActivityComponent build() {
if (newsInfoModule == null) {
throw new IllegalStateException(NewsInfoModule.class.getCanonicalName() + " must be set");
}
if (netTaskComponent == null) {
throw new IllegalStateException(NetTaskComponent.class.getCanonicalName() + " must be set");
}
return new DaggerMainActivityComponent(this);
}
说明:这里把build()所在的Build传入了DaggerMainActivityComponent的构造方法,我们看下:
private DaggerMainActivityComponent(Builder builder) {
assert builder != null;
initialize(builder);
}
说明:再看下initialize方法:
this.provideNewsInfoContractViewProvider =
NewsInfoModule_ProvideNewsInfoContractViewFactory.create(builder.newsInfoModule);
this.getNetTaskProvider =
new Factory<NetTask>() {
private final NetTaskComponent netTaskComponent = builder.netTaskComponent;
@Override
public NetTask get() {
return Preconditions.checkNotNull(
netTaskComponent.getNetTask(),
"Cannot return null from a non-@Nullable component method");
}
};
this.newsInfoPresenterProvider =
NewsInfoPresenter_Factory.create(
newsInfoPresenterMembersInjector,
provideNewsInfoContractViewProvider,
getNetTaskProvider);
说明:newsInfoModule得到provideNewsInfoContractViewProvider,netTaskComponent得到getNetTaskProvider,然后把两者,放入NewsInfoPresenter_Factory.create方法中:
public static Factory<NewsInfoPresenter> create(
MembersInjector<NewsInfoPresenter> newsInfoPresenterMembersInjector,
Provider<NewsInfoContract.View> viewProvider,
Provider<NetTask> netTaskProvider) {
return new NewsInfoPresenter_Factory(
newsInfoPresenterMembersInjector, viewProvider, netTaskProvider);
}
说明:再看NewsInfoPresenter_Factory
public NewsInfoPresenter_Factory(
MembersInjector<NewsInfoPresenter> newsInfoPresenterMembersInjector,
Provider<NewsInfoContract.View> viewProvider,
Provider<NetTask> netTaskProvider) {
assert newsInfoPresenterMembersInjector != null;
this.newsInfoPresenterMembersInjector = newsInfoPresenterMembersInjector;
assert viewProvider != null;
this.viewProvider = viewProvider;
assert netTaskProvider != null;
this.netTaskProvider = netTaskProvider;
}
说明:用viewProvider封装了NewsInfoContract.View;用netTaskProvider封装了NetTask。他们调用给了get方法:
@Override
public NewsInfoPresenter get() {
return MembersInjectors.injectMembers(
newsInfoPresenterMembersInjector,
new NewsInfoPresenter(viewProvider.get(), netTaskProvider.get()));
}
说明:看到这里,你会清晰的看到NetTask和MainActivity注入到了Presenter,而这个get方法何时调用的呢?我们看下inject方法:
@Override
public void inject(MainActivity mainActivity) {
mainActivityMembersInjector.injectMembers(mainActivity);
}
说明:再接着看injectMembers方法:
@Override
public void injectMembers(MainActivity instance) {
if (instance == null) {
throw new NullPointerException("Cannot inject members into a null reference");
}
instance.mPresenter = mPresenterProvider.get();
}
说明:mPresenterProvider是谁呢:
private final Provider<NewsInfoPresenter> mPresenterProvider;
说明:到这里会发现其实inject的目的就是把两个参数赋值给this中的presenter,而赋值离不开new,自然离不开构造方法,而构造方法那里也离不开@Inject。而这也正是Dagger2的原理所在,通过工厂方法把实例对象赋值给注入目标的用@Inject所修饰的成员变量。
10. 实现RetrofitManager单例
- 去除之前实现单例模式的以下代码
private RetrofitManager() {
}
public static RetrofitManager getInstance() {
return RetrofitManagerHolder.sInstance;
}
private static class RetrofitManagerHolder {
private static final RetrofitManager sInstance = new RetrofitManager();
}
- NetTaskModule中添加以下方法:
@Singleton
@Provides
public RetrofitManager provideRetrofitManager(){
return new RetrofitManager();
}
- NetTaskComponent中添加以下方法:
@Singleton
@Component(modules = NetTaskModule.class)
public interface NetTaskComponent {
NetTask getNetTask();
RetrofitManager getRetrofitManager();
}
- 修改Applicaion的代码:
public class App extends Application {
private static NetTaskComponent mNetTaskComponent;
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
mNetTaskComponent = DaggerNetTaskComponent.builder().build();
}
public static NetTaskComponent getNetTaskComponent() {
return mNetTaskComponent;
}
}
说明:之前的方式需要传入Context,但是NewsInfoTask中并没有Context,所以我们这里修改为static,因为是单例模式,从创建就开始存在直到App应用程序退出,所以不会有内存泄露的情况。
- MainActivity和NewsInfoTask中修改获取NetTaskComponent的代码。
11. 代码下载地址:
https://github.com/OnlyYouMyLove/Mvp_Dagger2
这篇文章的Model和View是通过Build参数的方式通过Presenter的构造方法注入;还可以Model单独注入到Presenter,View通过Build参数的方式注入到Presenter,这里不再给出代码,感兴趣的可以留言。
12. 后续
如果大家喜欢这篇文章,欢迎点赞;如果想看更多 Dagger 方面的技术,欢迎关注!