自定义view

2021-07-20  本文已影响0人  快感的感知

一、自定义view实现方式

二、组合控件

将系统原有的控件进行组合,构成一个新的控件。

定义标题栏的布局文件custom_title_view.xml,将返回按钮和标题文本进行组合。这一步用于确定标题栏的样子,代码如下所示:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:background="@android:color/holo_orange_light">
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_left"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_centerVertical="true"
        android:layout_marginLeft="5dp"
        android:text="Back"
        android:textColor="@android:color/white" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/title_tv"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_centerInParent="true"
        android:text="Title"
        android:textColor="@android:color/white"
        android:textSize="20sp" />
</RelativeLayout>


public class CustomTitleView extends FrameLayout implements View.OnClickListener {
    private View.OnClickListener mLeftOnClickListener;
    private Button mBackBtn;
    private TextView mTittleView;

    public CustomTitleView(@NonNull Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs) {
        super(context, attrs);
        LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.custom_title_view, this);
        mBackBtn = findViewById(R.id.btn_left);
        mBackBtn.setOnClickListener(this);
        mTittleView = findViewById(R.id.title_tv);
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        switch (v.getId()) {
            case R.id.btn_left:
                if (mLeftOnClickListener != null) {
                    mLeftOnClickListener.onClick(v);
                }
                break;
        }
    }

    public void setLeftOnClickListener(View.OnClickListener leftOnClickListener) {
        mLeftOnClickListener = leftOnClickListener;
    }

    public void setTittle(String title){
        mTittleView.setText(title);
    }
}

使用组合自定义view

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">
    <com.example.demos.customviewdemo.CustomTitleView
        android:id="@+id/customview_title"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content">
    </com.example.demos.customviewdemo.CustomTitleView>
</RelativeLayout>

public class CustomViewComposeDemoActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private CustomTitleView mCustomTitleView;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_custom_view_compose_demo);
        mCustomTitleView = findViewById(R.id.customview_title);
        mCustomTitleView.setTittle("This is Title");
        mCustomTitleView.setLeftOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                finish();
            }
        });

    }
}

效果如下:


三、继承控件

public class HistogramView extends View{

    private Paint mPaint;
    private Path mPath;

    public HistogramView(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs) {
        super(context, attrs);
        mPaint = new Paint();
        mPath = new Path();
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
        super.onDraw(canvas);
        //绘制坐标轴
        mPaint.reset();
        mPath.reset();
        mPaint.setColor(Color.BLACK);
        mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE);
        mPath.moveTo(100,100);
        mPath.rLineTo(0,402);
        mPath.rLineTo(800,0);
        canvas.drawPath(mPath,mPaint);
        //绘制文字
        mPaint.reset();
        mPaint.setTextSize(30);
        mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL);
        canvas.drawText("Froyo",160,540,mPaint);
        canvas.drawText("CB",280,540,mPaint);
        canvas.drawText("ICS",380,540,mPaint);
        canvas.drawText("J",480,540,mPaint);
        canvas.drawText("KitKat",560,540,mPaint);
        canvas.drawText("L",690,540,mPaint);
        canvas.drawText("M",790,540,mPaint);
        //绘制直方图,柱形图是用较粗的直线来实现的
        mPaint.reset();
        mPaint.setColor(Color.GREEN);
        mPaint.setStrokeWidth(80);
        float[] lines3={
                200,500,200,495,
                300,500,300,480,
                400,500,400,480,
                500,500,500,300,
                600,500,600,200,
                700,500,700,150,
                800,500,800,350,
        };
        canvas.drawLines(lines3,mPaint);
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <com.example.demos.customviewdemo.HistogramView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>

</RelativeLayout>

效果图:


四、自定义View中引入属性

1、在values中编写需要的属性
在res/values/下新建资源文件,这里咱们命名为attrs.xml,在其中编写所需要的属性

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
    <declare-styleable name="HistogramView">
        <attr name="textColor" format="color"/>
        <attr name="histogramColor" format="color"/>
    </declare-styleable>
</resources>

public class HistogramView extends View{

    private Paint mPaint;
    private Path mPath;
    private int mTextColor,mHistogramColor;//新加的属性使用

    public HistogramView(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs) {
        super(context, attrs);
        mPaint = new Paint();
        mPath = new Path();
        initAttrs(context,attrs);//新加的属性使用
    }

  //新加的属性使用
    private void initAttrs(Context context, AttributeSet attrs){
        TypedArray typedArray = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.HistogramView);
        mTextColor = typedArray.getColor(R.styleable.HistogramView_textColor,Color.BLACK);
        mHistogramColor = typedArray.getColor(R.styleable.HistogramView_histogramColor,Color.GREEN);
        typedArray.recycle();
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
        super.onDraw(canvas);
        //绘制坐标轴
        mPaint.reset();
        mPath.reset();
        mPaint.setColor(Color.BLACK);
        mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE);
        mPath.moveTo(100,100);
        mPath.rLineTo(0,402);
        mPath.rLineTo(800,0);
        canvas.drawPath(mPath,mPaint);
        //绘制文字
        mPaint.reset();
        mPaint.setTextSize(30);
        mPaint.setColor(mTextColor);//新加的属性使用
        mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL);
        canvas.drawText("Froyo",160,540,mPaint);
        canvas.drawText("CB",280,540,mPaint);
        canvas.drawText("ICS",380,540,mPaint);
        canvas.drawText("J",480,540,mPaint);
        canvas.drawText("KitKat",560,540,mPaint);
        canvas.drawText("L",690,540,mPaint);
        canvas.drawText("M",790,540,mPaint);
        //绘制直方图,柱形图是用较粗的直线来实现的
        mPaint.reset();
        mPaint.setColor(mHistogramColor);//新加的属性使用
        mPaint.setStrokeWidth(80);
        float[] lines3={
                200,500,200,495,
                300,500,300,480,
                400,500,400,480,
                500,500,500,300,
                600,500,600,200,
                700,500,700,150,
                800,500,800,350,
        };
        canvas.drawLines(lines3,mPaint);
    }
}

自绘控件基本方法

基本流程

构造函数

自定义view中使用new实例化一个View会调用第一个构造函数,在xml中定义会调用第二个构造函数,而第三个函数系统是不调用的,要显式调用

public class CircleView extends View {

    private int mColor = Color.RED;
    private Paint mPaint = new Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG);
    //使用new实例化一个View会调用第一个构造函数
    public CircleView(Context context) {
        this(context, null);
    }
    //使用反射会调用到该函数。在xml中定义会调用第二个构造函数,xml中使用到反射
    public CircleView(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs) {
        this(context, attrs, 0);
    }
    //系统是不调用的,要显式调用
    public CircleView(Context context, @Nullable AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {
        super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
        TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.CircleView);
        mColor = a.getColor(R.styleable.CircleView_circle_color, Color.YELLOW);
        a.recycle();
        init();
    }
}

MeasureSpec和LayoutParams的对应关系

系统内部是通过MeasureSpec来进行View的测量,但是正常情况下我们使用View指定MeasureSpec,尽管如此,但是我们可以给View设置LayoutParams。在View测量的时候,系统会将LayoutParams在父容器的约束下转换成对应的MeasureSpec,然后再根据这个MeasureSpec来确定View测量后的宽/高。需要注意的是,MeasureSpec不是唯一由LayoutParams决定的,LayoutParams需要和父容器一起才能决定View的MeasureSpec,从而进一步决定View的宽/高。另外,对于顶级View(DecorView)和普通View来说,MeasureSpec的转换过程略有不同。对于DecorView,其MeasureSpec由窗口尺寸和其自身的MeasureSpec来共同决定;对于普通View,其MeasureSpec由父容器的MeasureSpec和自身的LayoutParams来共同决定,MeasureSpec一旦确定后,onMeasure中就可以确定View的测量宽/高。

MeasureSpec 工作原理

MeasureSpec 代表一个32位的int值,高2位代表SpecMode,低30位代表SpecSize。
MeasureSpec是View中的一个静态内部类。

public static class MeasureSpec {

    private static final int MODE_SHIFT = 30;
    private static final int MODE_MASK  = 0x3 << MODE_SHIFT;
    public static final int UNSPECIFIED = 0 << MODE_SHIFT;
    public static final int EXACTLY     = 1 << MODE_SHIFT;
    public static final int AT_MOST     = 2 << MODE_SHIFT;

    public static int makeMeasureSpec(int size, int mode) {
        if (sUseBrokenMakeMeasureSpec) {
            return size + mode;
        } else {
            return (size & ~MODE_MASK) | (mode & MODE_MASK);
        }
    }

    public static int getMode(int measureSpec) {
        return (measureSpec & MODE_MASK);
    } 

    public static int getSize(int measureSpec) {
        return (measureSpec & ~MODE_MASK);
    }

}

SpecMode是指测量模式,SpecSize是指在某种测量模式下的大小。

SpecMode有三类:

UNSPECIFIED
父容器不对View有任何限制,要多大给多大,这般情况一般用于系统内部,表示一种测量状态,如ScrollView测量子View时用的就是这个。
EXACTLY
父容器已经检测出View所需要的大小,这个时候View的最终大小就是SpecSize所测定的值,它对应于LayoutParams中的match_parent和具体的数值(如40dp,60dp)这两种模式。
AT_MOST
父容器指定了一个可用大小即SpecSize,View的大小不能大于这个值,具体是什么值要看不同View的具体实现。它对应于LayoutParams中的wrap_content.

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