Docker使用简介(二)私有镜像仓库创建及数据持久化

2020-10-13  本文已影响0人  Bigyong

目录
一、制作自定义镜像
二、创建私有镜像仓库
三、NFS共享存储(持久化)
四、创建自定义网桥

一、制作自定义镜像
1.1 、基于centos镜像使用commit创建新的镜像文件
1 ) 使用镜像启动容器

[root@docker01 ~]# docker run -it docker.io/centos
[root@19def71b0bd4 /]# ifconfig                               //默认没有安装net-tools等工具
bash: ifconfig: command not found

2)安装测试软件

[root@19def71b0bd4 /]# yum -y install net-tools iproute psmisc vim-enhanced
[root@19def71b0bd4 /]# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 172.17.0.2  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 172.17.255.255
        ether 02:42:ac:11:00:02  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
......
[root@docker01 ~]# exit

3 ) 另存为另外一个镜像

[root@docker01 ~]# docker ps -aq
19def71b0bd4
[root@docker01 ~]# docker start 19def71b0bd4                 //可以简写为19,要保证唯一性
[root@docker01 ~]# docker commit 19de  docker.io/myos:latest              //另存为镜像为myos:latest
sha256:349b5158c391cb47c34fad6592a4e3eec2978501485048dc4d95f722275b190e
[root@docker01 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
myos                latest              349b5158c391        9 seconds ago       273MB
nginx               latest              7e4d58f0e5f3        4 weeks ago         133MB
busybox             latest              6858809bf669        4 weeks ago         1.23MB
centos              latest              0d120b6ccaa8        2 months ago        215MB
centos              v2                  0d120b6ccaa8        2 months ago        215MB

[root@docker01 ~]# docker run -it docker.io/myos:latest          //使用新镜像启动已安装net-tools等工具
[root@03b80f6d88d2 /]# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 172.17.0.3  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 172.17.255.255
        ether 02:42:ac:11:00:03  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

1.2、基于centos镜像使用Dockerfile文件创建一个新的镜像文件
Dockerfile语法格式:
– FROM:基础镜像
– MAINTAINER:镜像创建者信息(说明)
– EXPOSE:开放的端口
– ENV:设置环境变量
– ADD:复制文件到镜像
– RUN:制作镜像时执行的命令,可以有多个
– WORKDIR:定义容器默认工作目录
– CMD:容器启动时执行的命令,仅可以有一条CMD

[root@docker01 ~]# mkdir  build
[root@docker01 ~]# cd build/
[root@docker01 build]# cp /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo ./      //(非必须) 如果需要用本地yum源安装,可以把yum源配置拷贝到本目录下.注意yum源和docker镜像系统版本是否匹配,
[root@docker01 build]# vim Dockerfile     //Dockerfile文件第一个字母要大写
FROM  docker.io/centos:latest
RUN yum -y install httpd
ENV EnvironmentFile=/etc/sysconfig/httpd
WORKDIR /var/www/html/
EXPOSE 80
EXPOSE 443
CMD ["/usr/sbin/httpd","-DFOREGROUND"]

[root@docker01 build]# docker build -t docker.io/myos:http .  //新建myos:http 镜像 注意最后有个" . "  代表本目录下  需要等待一段时间完成软件的安装
Sending build context to Docker daemon  2.048kB
Step 1/7 : FROM  docker.io/centos:latest
......
Successfully built bd023206dc22
Successfully tagged myos:http
[root@docker01 build]# docker images      //查看新建的镜像myos:http 
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED              SIZE
myos                http                bd023206dc22        About a minute ago   254MB
myos                latest              349b5158c391        36 minutes ago       273MB
nginx               latest              7e4d58f0e5f3        4 weeks ago          133MB
busybox             latest              6858809bf669        4 weeks ago          1.23MB
centos              latest              0d120b6ccaa8        2 months ago         215MB
centos              v2                  0d120b6ccaa8        2 months ago         215MB
[root@docker01 build]# docker run -d  docker.io/myos:http             //启动容器
30c77c9434a9cec33476f114fb3ce571426f57d9cdba5f34bdbafcec91590c72
[root@docker01 build]# docker inspect 30               //查看容器IP
[root@docker01 build]# curl 172.17.0.3                   //查看httpd是否工作

二、创建私有镜像仓库

1)定义一个私有仓库

[root@docker01 ~]# yum install -y docker-distribution
[root@docker01 ~]# systemctl start docker-distribution
[root@docker01 ~]# systemctl enable docker-distribution
[root@docker01 ~]# docker tag docker.io/busybox:latest 192.168.4.130:5000/docker.io/busybox:latest     //打标签
[root@docker01 ~]# docker tag docker.io/myos:http 192.168.4.130:5000/docker.io/myos:http
[root@docker01 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY                             TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
192.168.4.130:5000/docker.io/myos      http                bd023206dc22        About an hour ago   254MB
myos                                   http                bd023206dc22        About an hour ago   254MB
myos                                   latest              349b5158c391        2 hours ago         273MB
nginx                                  latest              7e4d58f0e5f3        4 weeks ago         133MB
192.168.4.130:5000/docker.io/busybox   latest              6858809bf669        4 weeks ago         1.23MB
busybox                                latest              6858809bf669        4 weeks ago         1.23MB
centos                                 latest              0d120b6ccaa8        2 months ago        215MB
centos                                 v2                  0d120b6ccaa8        2 months ago        215MB

[root@docker01 ~]# docker push 192.168.4.130:5000/docker.io/busybox:latest             //上传
[root@docker01 ~]# docker push 192.168.4.130:5000/docker.io/myos:http

2)客户端docker02配置

[root@docker02 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/docker
INSECURE_REGISTRY='--insecure-registry 192.168.4.130:5000'          //指定docker1的地址
ADD_REGISTRY='--add-registry 192.168.4.130:5000'

[root@docker02 ~]# systemctl restart docker
[root@docker02 ~]# docker run -it 192.168.4.130:5000/docker.io/myos:http /bin/bash   //直接运行
  1. 查看私有仓库里面有什么镜像
[root@docker01 ~]# curl  http://192.168.4.130:5000/v2/_catalog                 //查看里面有什么镜像
{"repositories":["docker.io/busybox","docker.io/myos"]}
[root@docker01 ~]# curl  http://192.168.4.130:5000/v2/docker.io/busybox/tags/list   //查看里面的镜像标签
{"name":"docker.io/busybox","tags":["latest"]}
[root@docker01 ~]# curl  http://192.168.4.130:5000/v2/docker.io/myos/tags/list
{"name":"docker.io/myos","tags":["http"]}        
4)  删除仓库镜像
[root@docker01 ~]# find / -name  myos  
/var/lib/registry/docker/registry/v2/repositories/docker.io/myos               //搜索到镜像存放位置
[root@docker01 ~]# rm -fr  /var/lib/registry/docker/registry/v2/repositories/docker.io/myos     //删除仓库镜像
[root@docker01 docker.io]# systemctl restart  docker-distribution 

三、NFS共享存储(持久化存储)

其中NFS服务器用一台192.168.4.100的虚拟机代替,一台客户端docker1主机,ip为192.168.4.130,一台户端docker2主机,ip为192.168.4.131,实现客户端挂载共享,并将共享目录映射到容器中,docker1更新文件时,docker2实现同步更新,方案如图所示:


[root@case100 ~]# yum -y install nfs-utils
[root@case100 ~]# mkdir /content
[root@case100 ~]# vim /etc/exports
/content  *(rw,no_root_squash)

[root@case100 ~]# systemctl restart nfs-server.service
[root@case100 ~]# systemctl restart nfs-secure.service
[root@case100 ~]# exportfs  -rv
[root@case100 ~]# chmod 777 /content/
[root@case100 ~]# echo docker.test > /content/index.html

配置客户端docker01、docker02配置

[root@docker01 ~]# yum -y install nfs-utils
[root@docker01 ~]# systemctl restart nfs-server.service
[root@docker01 ~]# showmount -e 192.168.4.100
Export list for 192.168.4.100:
/content *

[root@docker01 ~]# mkdir /mnt/qq/
[root@docker01 ~]# mount -t nfs 192.168.4.100:/content /mnt/qq    //正式环境记得添加到开机自动挂载
[root@docker01 ~]# ls /mnt/qq/
index.html
[root@docker01 ~]# cat /mnt/qq/index.html 
docker.test

[root@docker01 ~]# docker run -d -p 80:80 -v /mnt/qq:/var/www/html -it docker.io/myos:http
468ec9513151e5e5ac816bfc2b969df63fee7cf0757fca46961f4e336c064203
[root@docker01 ~]# curl 192.168.4.130
docker.test

[root@docker02 ~]# yum -y install nfs-utils
[root@docker02 ~]# showmount -e 192.168.4.100
Export list for 192.168.4.100:
/content *
[root@docker02 ~]# mkdir /mnt/qq
[root@docker02 ~]# mount -t nfs 192.168.4.100:/content /mnt/qq
[root@docker02 ~]# docker run  -d -p 80:80 -v /mnt/qq:/var/www/html  -it 192.168.4.130:5000/docker.io/myos:http
8f0e1507e74cbec3b5fffd3df3815b31f4d241cc1a9300dab14730479d36b331
[root@docker02 ~]# curl 192.168.4.131
docker.test

四、创建自定义网桥

[root@docker01 ~]# docker network list          //查看默认的容器网络模型
NETWORK ID          NAME                DRIVER              SCOPE
b7926da5de53        bridge              bridge              local
f64fd4af1f92        host                host                local
7619b9af5f4b        none                null                local

1 ) 创建网络模型

[root@docker01 ~]# docker network create --subnet=10.10.10.0/24  docker01
e8f95be8dcc827e99288d188e4e293254c9279de963303df0481db9af271acd6
[root@docker01 ~]# docker network create --subnet=10.20.20.0/24  docker02
d124856247074df4daa2aaaa251e3de828daf194a4c02a57c480f521b40f772d
[root@docker01 ~]# docker network list 
NETWORK ID          NAME                DRIVER              SCOPE
b7926da5de53        bridge              bridge              local
e8f95be8dcc8        docker01            bridge              local
d12485624707        docker02            bridge              local
f64fd4af1f92        host                host                local
7619b9af5f4b        none                null                local

[root@docker01 ~]# ifconfig            //也可以通过ifconfig查看
br-d12485624707: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 10.20.20.1  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 10.20.20.255
        ether 02:42:5f:04:26:28  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)

br-e8f95be8dcc8: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 10.10.10.1  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 10.10.10.255
        ether 02:42:dd:69:1e:e9  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)

docker0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 172.17.0.1  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 172.17.255.255
        ether 02:42:ed:76:be:ac  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)

2 ) 使用刚创建的模型启动容器1 容器2

[root@docker01 ~]# docker run --network=docker01 -itd docker.io/myos
2722164f8a541c83f725253bf12839aff94590b9731e1be3e8550c8bfac81feb
[root@docker01 ~]# docker run --network=docker01 -itd docker.io/myos
02b514179c657cbfb204ecb5f7ec0c87d9f682396b8a0d9898491b6024741df5
[root@docker01 ~]# docker ps -aq
02b514179c65
2722164f8a54

[root@docker01 ~]# docker inspect 27 |egrep "IPAddress"
"IPAddress": "10.10.10.2",
[root@docker01 ~]# docker ps -a
                  xenodochial_wright
[root@docker01 ~]# docker inspect 02 |egrep "IPAddress"
"IPAddress": "10.10.10.3",

3 ) 测 容器1 与 容器2 使用同一网桥能够互通

[root@docker01 ~]# docker exec -it 02b5 /bin/bash
[root@02b514179c65 /]# ping 10.10.10.2
PING 10.10.10.2 (10.10.10.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.10.10.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=0.096 ms
64 bytes from 10.10.10.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=0.047 ms
``
4 ) 使用刚创建的模型启动容器3  容器4
```shell
[root@docker01 ~]# docker ps -qa
85e33ce400fa
f777bbb45ddf
02b514179c65
2722164f8a54
[root@docker01 ~]# docker inspect 85 |egrep "IPAddress"
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "IPAddress": "",
                    "IPAddress": "10.20.20.3",
[root@docker01 ~]# docker inspect f7 |egrep "IPAddress"
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "IPAddress": "",
                    "IPAddress": "10.20.20.2",

5 ) 测试

[root@docker01 ~]# docker exec -it 85 /bin/bash
[root@85e33ce400fa /]# ping 10.20.20.2
PING 10.20.20.2 (10.20.20.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.20.20.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=0.148 ms
64 bytes from 10.20.20.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=255 time=0.047 ms
64 bytes from 10.20.20.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=255 time=0.048 ms

[root@85e33ce400fa /]# ping 10.10.10.3   //失败  容器(12) 与 容器(34) 不能互通
PING 10.10.10.3 (10.10.10.3) 56(84) bytes of data.
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