• 版本v1

note:代码执行环境：win10,python3，jupyter notebook,Tkinter

tkinter组件详细列表

创建GUI程序的基本步骤为：

 导入TK模块
 创建GUI应用程序的主窗口
 添加控件或GUI应用程序
 进入主事循环，等待响应用户触发事件

• 15种常见的TK控件

Button,Canvas,Checkbutton, Entry, Frame, Label,
Listbox, Menubutton, Menu, Message， Radiobutton,
Scale Scrollbar, Text, Toplevel, Spinbox
PanedWindow, LabelFrame, tkMessageBox

 共同属性
     Dimensions ：尺寸
     Colors：颜色
     Fonts：字体
     Anchors：锚
     Relief styles：浮雕式
     Bitmaps：显示位图
     Cursors：光标的外形
 特有属性

• 界面布局

 Tkinter三种几何管理方法
     pack()
     grid()
     place()

• 创建GUI应用程序窗口代码模板

from tkinter import *
tk = Tk()
...
tk.mainloop()

• 简单的GUI示例

from tkinter import *
tk = Tk()
label = Label(tk, text = 'Welcom to Python Tkinter')
button = Button(tk, text = 'Click Me')
label.pack()
button.pack()
tk.mainloop()

简单GUI

• 响应用户事件示例

from tkinter import *

def processOK():
    print("OK button is clinked")

def processCancel():
    print("Cancel button is clinked")
    
def main():
    tk = Tk()
    btnOK = Button(tk, text = "OK", fg = "red",
                  command = processOK)
    btnCancel = Button(tk, text = "Cancel", bg = "yellow",
                     command = processCancel)
    btnOK.pack()
    btnCancel.pack()
    
    tk.mainloop()
main()

代码执行情况:

OK button is clinked
Cancel button is clinked
OK button is clinked
Cancel button is clinked

响应用户事件

• 显示图片，文字，绘制图形

from tkinter import *
#Tk模块实例化，定义GUI尺寸，和创建文字
tk = Tk()
canvas = Canvas(tk, width = 200, height = 200)
canvas.pack()
canvas.create_text(100,40,text = 'Welcome to Tkinter',
                 fill = 'blue', font = ('Times', 16) )
myImage = PhotoImage(file = "python_logo.gif")
canvas.create_image(10,70,anchor = NW, image = myImage )
canvas.create_rectangle(10,70,190,130)

tk.mainloop()

显示图，文字，绘制图形

• 控制图形移动的示例
  通过键盘上下左右键控制红色的方块上下左右移动

from tkinter import *
#Tk模块实例化，定义GUI尺寸
tk = Tk()
canvas = Canvas(tk, width = 400, height = 400)
canvas.pack()

#事件响应移动函数
def moverectangle(event):
    if event.keysym == "Up":
        canvas.move(1, 0, -5)
    elif event.keysym == "Down":
        canvas.move(1, 0, 5)
    elif event.keysym == "Left":
        canvas.move(1, -5, 0)
    elif event.keysym == "Right":
        canvas.move(1,5,0)

#创建方形函数
canvas.create_rectangle(10,10,50,50,fill="red")
#控制照片移动
#myImage = PhotoImage(file = "python_logo.gif")
#canvas.create_image(10,70,anchor = NW, image = myImage )
canvas.bind_all("<KeyPress-Up>",moverectangle)
canvas.bind_all("<KeyPress-Down>",moverectangle)
canvas.bind_all("<KeyPress-Left>",moverectangle)
canvas.bind_all("<KeyPress-Right>",moverectangle)
tk.mainloop()

控制图形移动 控制照片移动