394,Swift中的枚举中的计算属性和方法(面试点：方法可以写

方法和属性(Methods and properties)

你也可以在enum中像这样定义方法:

enum Wearable {
    enum Weight: Int {
        case Light = 1
    }
    enum Armor: Int {
        case Light = 2
    }
    case Helmet(weight: Weight, armor: Armor)
        func attributes() -> (weight: Int, armor: Int) {
       switch self {
             case .Helmet(let w, let a): return (weight: w.rawValue * 2, armor: w.rawValue * 4)
       }
    }
}
let woodenHelmetProps = Wearable.Helmet(weight: .Light, armor: .Light).attributes()
print (woodenHelmetProps)
// prints "(2, 4)"

枚举中的方法为每一个enum case而“生”。所以倘若想要在特定情况执行特定代码的话，你需要分支处理或采用switch语句来明确正确的代码路径。

enum Device { 
    case iPad, iPhone, AppleTV, AppleWatch 
    func introduced() -> String {
       switch self {
         case AppleTV: return "\(self) was introduced 2006"
         case iPhone: return "\(self) was introduced 2007"
         case iPad: return "\(self) was introduced 2010"
         case AppleWatch: return "\(self) was introduced 2014"
       }
    }
}
print (Device.iPhone.introduced())
// prints: "iPhone was introduced 2007"

属性(Properties)

尽管增加一个存储属性到枚举中不被允许，但你依然能够创建计算属性。当然，计算属性的内容都是建立在枚举值下或者枚举关联值得到的。

enum Device {
  case iPad, iPhone
  var year: Int {
    switch self {
        case iPhone: return 2007
        case iPad: return 2010
     }
  }
}

静态方法(Static Methods)

你也能够为枚举创建一些静态方法(static methods)。换言之通过一个非枚举类型来创建一个枚举。在这个示例中,我们需要考虑用户有时将苹果设备叫错的情况(比如AppleWatch叫成iWatch)，需要返回一个合适的名称。

enum Device { 
    case AppleWatch 
    static func fromSlang(term: String) -> Device? {
      if term == "iWatch" {
      return .AppleWatch
      }
      return nil
    }
}
print (Device.fromSlang("iWatch"))

可变方法(Mutating Methods)

方法可以声明为mutating。这样就允许改变隐藏参数self的case值了

enum TriStateSwitch {
    case Off, Low, High
    mutating func next() {
    switch self {
    case Off:
        self = Low
    case Low:
        self = High
    case High:
        self = Off
    }
    }
}
var ovenLight = TriStateSwitch.Low
ovenLight.next()
// ovenLight 现在等于.On
ovenLight.next()
// ovenLight 现在等于.Off