mysql 5.7.23 详细安装教程(linux + ngin
1、 查看 官网的 MySQL 5.7安装包下载
官方下载地址：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.7.html#downloads
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需要下载的安装包包名:
mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
我是使用SSH shell 客户端登录服务器
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进入local:
cd /usr/local/
创建source文件夹,专门用作下载包路径.
mkdir source
创建mysql文件夹
mkdir /usr/local/mysql
mkdir /usr/local/mysql/data
切换到source目录,下载到目录:
cd /usr/local/source/
下载:(600M左右,下载需要点时间)
wget https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
解压到当前目录:
tar -xzvf mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
在当source目录下移动文件到/usr/local/mysql:
mv mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/* /usr/local/mysql
添加用户组, 创建mysql用户添加到mysql组:
groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql mysql
设置mysql文件夹权限
chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/
mysql的服务脚本放到系统服务中(local路径下操作:[root@xx local]# ):
cp -a /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
复制配置文件到 /etc/my.cnf
cp -a ./support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
(注意 : 5.7.23解压后没看到my-default.cnf, 可跳过该步骤,直接下一步)
修改my.cnf: 配置不对的话,后面初始化不全,会拿不到默认密码
vim /etc/my.cnf
修改内容:
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
character-set-server = utf8
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
:wq! 保存退出.
my.cnf全文:
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
# *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It's a template which will be copied to the
# *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you
# *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL.
[mysqld]
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.
# basedir = .....
# datadir = .....
# port = .....
# server_id = .....
# socket = .....
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
character-set-server = utf8
#init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
#lower_case_table_names = 1
#innodb_force_recovery= 1
#sql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
#max_connections=5000
#default-time_zone = '+8:00'
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
51,1 Bot 1,1 Top
确保上面配置文件都是存在的,且有修改权限.
进入/var/log/下查看是否有mysqld.log,如果没有的话:
vim /var/log/mysqld.log
:wq! 保存退出.
设置权限:
chown -R mysql /var/log/
chgrp -R mysql /var/log/
同样的mysqld.pid:
mkdir /var/run/mysqld
vim /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
设置权限:
chown -R mysql /var/run/mysqld/
chgrp -R mysql /var/run/mysqld/
chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/
chgrp -R mysql /usr/local/mysql/
查看mysql文件权限:
进入mysql
cd /usr/local/mysql/
查看:
ls -l
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安装和初始化数据库(重要)
首先要进入bin文件:
cd /usr/local/mysql/bin/
初始化:
./mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/--datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/
A : 如果报错:
./mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
说明缺少环境: 执行下面命令安装
yum install libaio
B : 如果报错:
./mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libnuma.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or
directory
安装mysql出现了以上的报错信息.这是缺少numactl , 这个时候如果是Centos就执行:
yum -y install numactl
就可以解决这个问题了.
ubuntu的就执行:
sudo apt-get install numactl
就可以解决这个问题了
安装成功后再回去执行编译.
安全启动:
./mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
先进入cd support-files文件:
cd /usr/local/mysql/support-files/
把support-files/mysql.server 拷贝为/etc/init.d/mysql
cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
并设置运行权限
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql
把mysql注册为开机启动的服务
chkconfig --add mysql
查看是否添加成功
chkconfig --list mysql
Note: This output shows SysV services only and does not include native
systemd services. SysV configuration data might be overridden by native
systemd configuration.
If you want to list systemd services use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.
To see services enabled on particular target use
'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'.
mysql 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
启动:
service mysql start
成功:
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默认密码在mysqld.log日志里, 找到后保存到安全的地方:
cat /var/log/mysqld.log
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其中root@localhost: 后面的就是默认密码,后面登录用.(如果找不到可能默认是空,登录时密码直接回车,否则可能安装有问题)
进入bin文件:
cd /usr/local/mysql/bin/
登录mysql:
./mysql -u root -p
登录mysql:
上面登录必须要指定mysql路径,下面设置通用启动,做个链接即可:
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin
然后启动方法可以用:
mysql -u root -p
回车后输入刚才的密码,回车:
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假设修改密码为abc123(注意结尾加冒号):
mysql> set password=password("abc123");
设置远程登录权限
mysql> grant all privileges on . to'root' @'%' identified by 'abc123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
立即生效:
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)
退出quit; 或者 exit;
mysql> quit;
创建快捷方式
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin
