音视频学习之 - H264编码
前面根据AVFoundation框架做的采集工作流程就不写了,直接从采集的代理方法captureOutput: didOutputSampleBuffer: fromConnection:里开始对视频帧就行编码。大致的流程分为三步:
1.准备编码器,即创建session:VTCompressionSessionCreate,并设置编码器属性;
2.开始编码:VTCompressionSessionEncodeFrame
3.编码完成的回调里处理数据:添加起始码"\x00\x00\x00\x01",添加sps pps等。
4.结束编码,清除数据,释放资源。
准备编码器
创建session: VTCompressionSessionCreate
设置属性:VTSessionSetProperty 是否实时编码输出、是否产生B帧、设置关键帧、设置期望帧率、设置码率、最大码率值等等
准备开始编码:VTCompressionSessionPrepareToEncodeFrames
-(void)initVideoToolBox
{
// cEncodeQueue是一个串行队列
dispatch_sync(cEncodeQueue, ^{
frameID = 0;
int width = 480,height = 640;
//创建编码session
OSStatus status = VTCompressionSessionCreate(NULL, width, height, kCMVideoCodecType_H264, NULL, NULL, NULL, didCompressH264, (__bridge void *)(self), &cEncodeingSession);
NSLog(@"H264:VTCompressionSessionCreate:%d",(int)status);
if (status != 0) {
NSLog(@"H264:Unable to create a H264 session");
return ;
}
//设置实时编码输出(避免延迟)
VTSessionSetProperty(cEncodeingSession, kVTCompressionPropertyKey_RealTime, kCFBooleanTrue);
VTSessionSetProperty(cEncodeingSession, kVTCompressionPropertyKey_ProfileLevel,kVTProfileLevel_H264_Baseline_AutoLevel);
//是否产生B帧(因为B帧在解码时并不是必要的,是可以抛弃B帧的)
VTSessionSetProperty(cEncodeingSession, kVTCompressionPropertyKey_AllowFrameReordering, kCFBooleanFalse);
//设置关键帧(GOPsize)间隔,GOP太小的话图像会模糊
int frameInterval = 10;
CFNumberRef frameIntervalRaf = CFNumberCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault, kCFNumberIntType, &frameInterval);
VTSessionSetProperty(cEncodeingSession, kVTCompressionPropertyKey_MaxKeyFrameInterval, frameIntervalRaf);
//设置期望帧率,不是实际帧率
int fps = 10;
CFNumberRef fpsRef = CFNumberCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault, kCFNumberIntType, &fps);
VTSessionSetProperty(cEncodeingSession, kVTCompressionPropertyKey_ExpectedFrameRate, fpsRef);
//码率的理解:码率大了话就会非常清晰,但同时文件也会比较大。码率小的话,图像有时会模糊,但也勉强能看
//码率计算公式,参考印象笔记
//设置码率、上限、单位是bps
int bitRate = width * height * 3 * 4 * 8;
CFNumberRef bitRateRef = CFNumberCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault, kCFNumberSInt32Type, &bitRate);
VTSessionSetProperty(cEncodeingSession, kVTCompressionPropertyKey_AverageBitRate, bitRateRef);
//设置码率,均值,单位是byte
int bigRateLimit = width * height * 3 * 4;
CFNumberRef bitRateLimitRef = CFNumberCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault, kCFNumberSInt32Type, &bigRateLimit);
VTSessionSetProperty(cEncodeingSession, kVTCompressionPropertyKey_DataRateLimits, bitRateLimitRef);
//准备开始编码
VTCompressionSessionPrepareToEncodeFrames(cEncodeingSession);
});
}
VTCompressionSessionCreate创建编码对象参数详解:
image.png
allocator:NULL 分配器,设置NULL为默认分配
width:width
height:height
codecType:编码类型,如kCMVideoCodecType_H264
encoderSpecification:NULL encoderSpecification: 编码规范。设置NULL由videoToolbox自己选择
sourceImageBufferAttributes:NULL sourceImageBufferAttributes: 源像素缓冲区属性.设置NULL不让videToolbox创建,而自己创建
compressedDataAllocator:压缩数据分配器.设置NULL,默认的分配
outputCallback:编码回调 , 当VTCompressionSessionEncodeFrame被调用压缩一次后会被异步调用.这里设置的函数名是 didCompressH264
outputCallbackRefCon:回调客户定义的参考值,此处把self传过去,因为我们需要在C函数中调用self的方法,而C函数无法直接调self
compressionSessionOut: 编码会话变量
开始编码
拿到未编码的视频帧: CVImageBufferRef imageBuffer = (CVImageBufferRef)CMSampleBufferGetImageBuffer(sampleBuffer);
设置帧时间:CMTime presentationTimeStamp = CMTimeMake(frameID++, 1000);
开始编码:调用 VTCompressionSessionEncodeFrame进行编码
- (void)captureOutput:(AVCaptureOutput *)captureOutput didOutputSampleBuffer:(CMSampleBufferRef)sampleBuffer fromConnection:(AVCaptureConnection *)connection
{
//开始视频录制,获取到摄像头的视频帧,传入encode 方法中
dispatch_sync(cEncodeQueue, ^{
[self encode:sampleBuffer];
});
}
- (void) encode:(CMSampleBufferRef )sampleBuffer
{
//拿到每一帧未编码数据
CVImageBufferRef imageBuffer = (CVImageBufferRef)CMSampleBufferGetImageBuffer(sampleBuffer);
//设置帧时间
CMTime presentationTimeStamp = CMTimeMake(frameID++, 1000);
//开始编码
OSStatus statusCode = VTCompressionSessionEncodeFrame(cEncodeingSession, imageBuffer, presentationTimeStamp, kCMTimeInvalid, NULL, NULL, &flags);
if (statusCode != noErr) {
//编码失败
NSLog(@"H.264:VTCompressionSessionEncodeFrame faild with %d",(int)statusCode);
//释放资源
VTCompressionSessionInvalidate(cEncodeingSession);
CFRelease(cEncodeingSession);
cEncodeingSession = NULL;
return;
}
}
VTCompressionSessionEncodeFrame编码函数参数详解:
image.png
session :编码会话变量
imageBuffer:未编码的数据
presentationTimeStamp:获取到的这个sample buffer数据的展示时间戳。每一个传给这个session的时间戳都要大于前一个展示时间戳
duration:对于获取到sample buffer数据,这个帧的展示时间.如果没有时间信息,可设置kCMTimeInvalid.
frameProperties:包含这个帧的属性.帧的改变会影响后边的编码帧.
sourceFrameRefcon:回调函数会引用你设置的这个帧的参考值.
infoFlagsOut:指向一个VTEncodeInfoFlags来接受一个编码操作.如果使用异步运行,kVTEncodeInfo_Asynchronous被设置;同步运行,kVTEncodeInfo_FrameDropped被设置;设置NULL为不想接受这个信息.
编码完成后数据处理
判断是否是关键帧:是的话,CMVideoFormatDescriptionGetH264ParameterSetAtIndex获取sps和pps信息,并转换为二进制写入文件或者进行上传
组装NALU数据: 获取编码后的h264流数据:CMBlockBufferRef dataBuffer = CMSampleBufferGetDataBuffer(sampleBuffer),通过 首地址 、单个长度、 总长度通过dataPointer指针偏移做遍历
OSStatus statusCodeRet = CMBlockBufferGetDataPointer(dataBuffer, 0, &length, &totalLength, &dataPointer);
读取数据时有个大小端模式:网络传输一般都是大端模式
/*
1.H264硬编码完成后,回调VTCompressionOutputCallback
2.将硬编码成功的CMSampleBuffer转换成H264码流,通过网络传播
3.解析出参数集SPS & PPS,加上开始码组装成 NALU。提现出视频数据,将长度码转换为开始码,组成NALU,将NALU发送出去。
*/
void didCompressH264(void *outputCallbackRefCon, void *sourceFrameRefCon, OSStatus status, VTEncodeInfoFlags infoFlags, CMSampleBufferRef sampleBuffer)
{
NSLog(@"didCompressH264 called with status %d infoFlags %d",(int)status,(int)infoFlags);
//状态错误
if (status != 0) {
return;
}
//没准备好
if (!CMSampleBufferDataIsReady(sampleBuffer)) {
NSLog(@"didCompressH264 data is not ready");
return;
}
ViewController *encoder = (__bridge ViewController *)outputCallbackRefCon;
//判断当前帧是否为关键帧
CFArrayRef array = CMSampleBufferGetSampleAttachmentsArray(sampleBuffer, true);
CFDictionaryRef dic = CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(array, 0);
bool keyFrame = !CFDictionaryContainsKey(dic, kCMSampleAttachmentKey_NotSync);
//判断当前帧是否为关键帧
//获取sps & pps 数据 只获取1次,保存在h264文件开头的第一帧中
//sps(sample per second 采样次数/s),是衡量模数转换(ADC)时采样速率的单位
//pps()
if (keyFrame) {
//图像存储方式,编码器等格式描述
CMFormatDescriptionRef format = CMSampleBufferGetFormatDescription(sampleBuffer);
//sps
size_t sparameterSetSize,sparameterSetCount;
const uint8_t *sparameterSet;
OSStatus statusCode = CMVideoFormatDescriptionGetH264ParameterSetAtIndex(format, 0, &sparameterSet, &sparameterSetSize, &sparameterSetCount, 0);
if (statusCode == noErr) {
//获取pps
size_t pparameterSetSize,pparameterSetCount;
const uint8_t *pparameterSet;
//从第一个关键帧获取sps & pps
OSStatus statusCode = CMVideoFormatDescriptionGetH264ParameterSetAtIndex(format, 1, &pparameterSet, &pparameterSetSize, &pparameterSetCount, 0);
//获取H264参数集合中的SPS和PPS
if (statusCode == noErr)
{
NSData *sps = [NSData dataWithBytes:sparameterSet length:sparameterSetSize];
NSData *pps = [NSData dataWithBytes:pparameterSet length:pparameterSetSize];
if(encoder)
{
[encoder gotSpsPps:sps pps:pps];
}
}
}
}
CMBlockBufferRef dataBuffer = CMSampleBufferGetDataBuffer(sampleBuffer);
size_t length,totalLength;
char *dataPointer;
OSStatus statusCodeRet = CMBlockBufferGetDataPointer(dataBuffer, 0, &length, &totalLength, &dataPointer);
if (statusCodeRet == noErr) {
size_t bufferOffset = 0;
static const int AVCCHeaderLength = 4;//返回的nalu数据前4个字节不是001的startcode,而是大端模式的帧长度length
//循环获取nalu数据
while (bufferOffset < totalLength - AVCCHeaderLength) {
uint32_t NALUnitLength = 0;
//读取 一单元长度的 nalu
memcpy(&NALUnitLength, dataPointer + bufferOffset, AVCCHeaderLength);
//从大端模式转换为系统端模式
NALUnitLength = CFSwapInt32BigToHost(NALUnitLength);
//获取nalu数据
NSData *data = [[NSData alloc]initWithBytes:(dataPointer + bufferOffset + AVCCHeaderLength) length:NALUnitLength];
//将nalu数据写入到文件
[encoder gotEncodedData:data isKeyFrame:keyFrame];
//move to the next NAL unit in the block buffer
//读取下一个nalu 一次回调可能包含多个nalu数据
bufferOffset += AVCCHeaderLength + NALUnitLength;
}
}
}
//第一帧写入 sps & pps
- (void)gotSpsPps:(NSData*)sps pps:(NSData*)pps
{
const char bytes[] = "\x00\x00\x00\x01";
size_t length = (sizeof bytes) - 1; // 最后一位是\0结束符
NSData *ByteHeader = [NSData dataWithBytes:bytes length:length];
[fileHandele writeData:ByteHeader];
[fileHandele writeData:sps];
[fileHandele writeData:ByteHeader];
[fileHandele writeData:pps];
}
- (void)gotEncodedData:(NSData*)data isKeyFrame:(BOOL)isKeyFrame
{
if (fileHandele != NULL) {
//添加4个字节的H264 协议 start code 分割符
//一般来说编码器编出的首帧数据为PPS & SPS
//H264编码时,在每个NAL前添加起始码 0x00000001,解码器在码流中检测起始码,当前NAL结束。
const char bytes[] ="\x00\x00\x00\x01";
//长度
size_t length = (sizeof bytes) - 1;
//头字节
NSData *ByteHeader = [NSData dataWithBytes:bytes length:length];
//写入头字节
[fileHandele writeData:ByteHeader];
//写入H264数据
[fileHandele writeData:data];
}
}
结束编码
-(void)endVideoToolBox
{
VTCompressionSessionCompleteFrames(cEncodeingSession, kCMTimeInvalid);
VTCompressionSessionInvalidate(cEncodeingSession);
CFRelease(cEncodeingSession);
cEncodeingSession = NULL;
}