web从零开始

九、CSS新特性

2018-09-12  本文已影响0人  风中丶凌乱

CSS3过渡动画

<style type="text/css">
        .box{
            width: 100px;
            height: 100px;
            background-color: gold;
            /*在哪产生动画、动画的时间、运动曲线、延迟*/
            /*transition: border-radius 500ms ease,width 500ms ease 500ms,height 500ms ease 1s,background-color 500ms ease 1.5s;*/
            transition: all 500ms ease;
        }
        .box:hover{
            width: 500px;
            height: 300px;
            background-color: red;
            border-radius: 50px;
        }
    </style>
<div class="box"></div>

1、transition-property 设置过渡的属性,比如:width height background-color
2、transition-duration 设置过渡的时间,比如:1s 500ms
3、transition-timing-function 设置过渡的运动方式

4、transition-delay 设置动画的延迟
5、transition: property duration timing-function delay 同时设置四个属性

CSS圆角 阴影 透明度

圆角
设置某一个角的圆角,比如设置左上角的圆角:
border-top-left-radius:30px 60px;

同时分别设置四个角:
border-radius:30px 60px 120px 150px;

设置四个圆角相同:
border-radius:50%;

阴影
box-shadow:h-shadow v-shadow blur spread color inset;
分别设置阴影:水平偏移 垂直偏移 羽化大小 扩展大小 颜色 是否内阴影

rgba(新的颜色表示法)
1、盒子透明度表示法:opacity:0.1;filter:alpha(opacity=10)(兼容IE);
2、rgba(0,0,0,0.1) 前三个数值表示颜色,第四个数值表示颜色的透明度
例子:

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>css3圆角 阴影 透明度</title>
    <style type="text/css">
        .box{
            width: 200px;
            height: 200px;
            border: 2px solid #000;
            background-color: gold;
            margin: 50px auto 0;
            /*border-top-left-radius: 100px 50px;左上角为椭圆圆角*/
            /*border-top-left-radius: 100px;
            border-top-right-radius: 100px;左、右上角为正圆圆角*/
            /*border-radius: 40px;曲率半径为40的圆角矩形*/
            /*border-radius: 20%;最大200px,20%即40px*/
            border-radius: 50%;/*正圆*/
        }
        .box1{
            width: 200px;
            height: 40px;
            background-color: gold;
            margin: 100px auto 0;
            /*水平偏移 垂直偏移 羽化大小 扩展大小 颜色*/
            box-shadow: 10px 10px 10px 0px #bfa;
        }
        .box2{
            width: 200px;
            height: 40px;
            background-color: gold;
            margin: 100px auto 0;
            /*水平偏移 垂直偏移 羽化大小 扩展大小 颜色 是否内阴影*/
            box-shadow: 0px 0px 20px 2px red inset;
        }

        body{
            background-color: cyan;
        }
        .box3{
            width: 200px;
            height: 200px;
            /*background: url(images/location_bg.jpg);*/
            background-color: gold;
            margin: 50px auto 0;
            border: 2px solid #000;
            border-radius: 50%;
            /*透明度30%,文字也透明了*/
            opacity: 0.3;
            filter: alpha(opacity=30);/*兼容IE*/
            text-align: center;
            line-height: 200px;
        }
        .box4{
            width: 200px;
            height: 200px;
            /*背景色变透明,但文字不会透明*/
            background-color: rgba(255,215,0,0.3);
            margin: 50px auto 0;
            /*边框透明*/
            border: 2px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.3);
            border-radius: 50%;
            text-align: center;
            line-height: 200px;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="box"></div>
    <div class="box1"></div>
    <div class="box2"></div>
    <div class="box3">床前明月光</div>
    <div class="box4">床前明月光</div>
</body>

运动曲线

例子

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>运动曲线</title>
    <style type="text/css">
        div{
            width: 50px;
            height: 50px;
            background-color: gold;
            margin-bottom: 20px;
        }
        div:nth-child(1){
            /*匀速*/
            transition: all 1s linear;
        }
        div:nth-child(2){
            /*开始和结束慢速,中间加速*/
            transition: all 1s ease;
        }
        div:nth-child(3){
            /*开始慢速,结尾突然停止*/
            transition: all 1s ease-in;
        }
        div:nth-child(4){
            /*突然开始,结束时慢速*/
            transition: all 1s ease-out;
        }
        div:nth-child(5){
            /*开始和结束时慢速*/
            transition: all 1s ease-in-out;
        }
        div:nth-child(6){
            /*贝塞尔(贝兹)曲线*/
            /*transition: all 1s cubic-bezier(0.250,0.250,0.750,0.750);匀速*/
            /*超出再缩回的弹性效果*/
            transition: all 1s cubic-bezier(0.470, -0.485, 0.460, 1.435);
        }
        div:hover{
            width: 1000px;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div>linear</div>
    <div>ease</div>
    <div>ease-in</div>
    <div>ease-out</div>
    <div>ease-in-out</div>
    <div>bezier</div>
</body>

图片文字遮罩

例子:

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>图片文字遮罩</title>
    <style type="text/css">
        .box{
            width: 200px;
            height: 300px;
            margin: 50px auto 0;
            border: 1px solid #000;
            position: relative;
            /*默认文字不可见*/
            overflow: hidden;
        }
        .box img{
            width: 200px;
            height: 300px;
        }
        .box .pic_info{
            width: 200px;
            height: 200px;
            background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.5);
            color: #fff;

            /*定位使色块在图片正下方*/
            position: absolute;
            left: 0;
            top: 300px;

            transition: all 500ms cubic-bezier(0.470, -0.485, 0.460, 1.435);
        }
        .box:hover .pic_info{
            /*色块上移*/
            top:150px;
        }
        /*间距用p标签的margin,而不直接给.pic_info用padding,因为padding会改变盒子大小*/
        .box .pic_info p{
            margin: 20px;
            line-height: 30px;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="box">
        <img src="img/location_bg.jpg" alt="玫瑰花">
        <div class="pic_info">
            <p>图片说明:这是一朵玫瑰花图片说明:这是一朵玫瑰花图片说明:这是一朵玫瑰花图片说明:这是一朵玫瑰花</p>
        </div>
    </div>
</body>

扩展二级菜单

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>图片文字遮罩</title>
    <style type="text/css">
        .box{
            width: 200px;
            height: 300px;
            margin: 0px auto 0;
            border: 1px solid #000;
            position: relative;
            /*overflow: hidden;*/
        }
        .box img{
            width: 200px;
            height: 300px;
        }
        .box .pic_info{
            width: 200px;
            height: 200px;
            background-color: #000;
            color: #fff;
            position: absolute;
            left: 200px;
            top: 0px;
            transition: all 500ms cubic-bezier(0.470, -0.600, 0.475, 1.605);
            background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.5);
            display: none;
        }
        .box:hover .pic_info{
            /*top: 150px;*/
            display: block;
        }
        .box .pic_info p{
            margin: 20px;
            line-height: 30px;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="box">
        <img src="img/location_bg.jpg" alt="花朵">
        <div class="pic_info">
            <p>图片说明:这是一朵花图片说明:这是一朵花图片说明:这是一朵花图片说明:这是一朵花</p>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="box">
        <img src="img/location_bg.jpg" alt="花朵">
        <div class="pic_info">
            <p>图片说明:这是一朵花图片说明:这是一朵花图片说明:这是一朵花图片说明:这是一朵花</p>
        </div>
    </div>
</body>
</html>

变形(transfrom变换)

1、translate(x,y) 设置盒子位移
2、scale(x,y) 设置盒子缩放
3、rotate(deg) 设置盒子旋转
4、skew(x-angle,y-angle) 设置盒子斜切
5、perspective 设置透视距离
6、transform-style flat | preserve-3d 设置盒子是否按3d空间显示
7、translateX、translateY、translateZ 设置三维移动
8、rotateX、rotateY、rotateZ 设置三维旋转
9、scaleX、scaleY、scaleZ 设置三维缩放
10、tranform-origin 设置变形的中心点
11、backface-visibility 设置盒子背面是否可见

例子:(翻面效果)

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>翻面</title>
    <style type="text/css">
        .box{
            width:300px;
            height:272px;
            margin:50px auto 0;
            transform-style:preserve-3d;
            position:relative;            
        }
        .box .pic{
            width:300px;
            height:272px;
            position:absolute;
            background-color:cyan;
            left:0;
            top:0;
            transform:perspective(800px) rotateY(0deg);
            backface-visibility:hidden;
            transition:all 500ms ease;
        }
        .box .back_info{
            width:300px;
            height:272px;
            text-align:center;
            line-height:272px;
            background-color:gold;
            position:absolute;
            left:0;
            top:0;
            transform:rotateY(180deg);
            backface-visibility:hidden;
            transition:all 500ms ease;            
        }
        .box:hover .pic{
            transform:perspective(800px) rotateY(180deg);
        }
        .box:hover .back_info{
            transform:perspective(800px) rotateY(0deg);
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="box">        
        <div class="pic"><img src="images/location_bg.jpg"></div>
        <div class="back_info">背面文字说明</div>
    </div>
</body>
</html>

元素旋转

例子:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>元素旋转</title>
    <style type="text/css">
        /*旋转方向判断
        1、X轴向右、Y轴向下、Z轴向屏幕外
        2、让轴向对着自己,顺时针方向就是该轴向的旋转方向*/
        .box{
            width: 300px;
            height: 300px;
            background-color: gold;
            margin: 50px auto 0;
            transition: all 500ms ease;
            /*设置盒子按3D空间显示*/
            transform-style: preserve-3d;
            transform: perspective(800px) rotateY(0deg);
        }
        .box:hover{
            /*默认沿Z轴旋转*/
            /*transform: rotate(45deg);*/
            /*perspective设置透视距离,经验数值800比较符合人眼的透视效果*/
            /*transform: perspective(800px) rotateX(45deg);*/
            transform: perspective(800px) rotateY(-45deg);
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="box"></div>
</body>
</html>

变形中心点

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>变形中心点</title>
    <style type="text/css">
        div{
            width: 200px;
            height: 200px;
            background-color: gold;
            float: left;
            margin: 30px;
            transition: all 500ms ease;
        }
        div:hover{
            transform: rotate(-90deg);
        }
        div:nth-child(1){
            /*设置变形的中心点*/
            transform-origin: left center;
        }
        div:nth-child(2){
            transform-origin: left top;
        }
        div:nth-child(3){
            transform-origin: 50px 50px;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div></div>
    <div></div>
    <div></div>
</body>
</html>

背面可见

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>背面可见</title>
    <style type="text/css">
        .con{
            width: 300px;
            height: 300px;
            margin: 50px auto 0;
            border: 1px solid #000;
        }
        .box{
            width: 300px;
            height: 300px;
            background-color: gold;
            text-align: center;
            line-height: 300px;
            font-size: 50px;
            transition: all 500ms ease;
            /*设置盒子按3d空间显示*/
            transform-style: preserve-3d;
            /*设置透视距离、三维旋转的初始角度*/
            transform: perspective(800px) rotateY(0deg);
            /*设置盒子背面是否可见*/
            backface-visibility: hidden;
        }
        .con:hover .box{
            transform: rotateY(180deg);
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="con">
        <div class="box">div元素</div>
    </div>
</body>
</html>

animation动画

1、@keyframes 定义关键帧动画
2、animation-name 动画名称
3、animation-duration 动画时间
4、animation-timing-function 动画曲线

linear 匀速
ease 开始和结束慢速
ease-in 开始是慢速
ease-out 结束时慢速
ease-in-out 开始和结束时慢速
steps 动画步数
5、animation-delay 动画延迟
6、animation-iteration-count 动画播放次数 n|infinite
7、animation-direction

normal 默认动画结束不返回
Alternate 动画结束后返回
8、animation-play-state 动画状态

paused 停止
running 运动
9、animation-fill-mode 动画前后的状态

none 不改变默认行为
forwards 当动画完成后,保持最后一个属性值(在最后一个关键帧中定义)
backwards 在 animation-delay 所指定的一段时间内,在动画显示之前,应用开始属性值(在第一个关键帧中定义)
both 向前和向后填充模式都被应用
10、animation:name duration timing-function delay iteration-count direction;同时设置多个属性
例子:

<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>animation动画</title>
    <style type="text/css">
        .box{
            width: 100px;
            height: 100px;
            background-color: gold;
            /*动画名称、时间、曲线、延迟、播放次数、结束后是否返回、动画前后的状态
            infinite不限制次数
            alternate动画结束后返回,返回也算次数
            animation-fill-mode 动画前后的状态
                forwards动画完成保持在最后一帧
                backwards在延迟时间内,在动画显示之前,应用from开始属性值(例如box宽100,from宽200,在延迟1s内显示200)
                both向前和向后填充模式都被应用(例如起始按200,结束停在最后一帧)
            */
            animation: moving 1s ease 1s 5 alternate both;
            /*动画暂停*/
            /*animation-play-state: paused;*/
        }
        .box:hover{
            /*动画运行*/
            /*animation-play-state: running;*/
        }
        /*定义一个动画,名称为moving*/
        @keyframes moving{
            /*初始状态*/
            from{
                width: 200px;
            }
            /*结束状态*/
            to{
                width: 500px;
            }
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="box"></div>
</body>
</html>

人物走路动画

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>人物走路动画</title>
    <style type="text/css">
        .box{
            width: 120px;
            height: 182px;
            /*border: 1px solid black;*/
            margin: 50px auto 0;
            overflow: hidden;
            position: relative;
            animation: moving 2s linear infinite;
        }
        .box img{
            position: absolute;
            left: 0;
            top: 0;
            /*steps动画步数,图片有8帧,所以设置为8步*/
            animation: walking 2s steps(16) infinite;
        }
        @keyframes moving{
            0%{
                transform: translate(0px,0px);/*位移*/
            }
            50%{
                transform: translate(200px,0px);
            }
            100%{
                transform: translate(0px,0px);
            }
        }
        @keyframes walking{
            from{
                left: 0px;
            }
            to{
                left: -1920px;
            }
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="box">
        <img src="img/walking1.png" alt="人物走路">
    </div>
</body>
</html>

多帧动画
例子:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>多帧动画</title>
    <style type="text/css">
        .box{
            width: 100px;
            height: 100px;
            background-color: gold;
            margin: 50px auto 0;
            animation: moving 1s ease 1s both;
        }
        @keyframes moving{
            0%{
                /*位移动画*/
                transform: translateY(0px);
                background-color: cyan;
            }
            50%{
                transform: translateY(400px);
                background-color: gold;
                border-radius: 0px;
            }
            100%{
                transform: translateY(0px);
                background-color: red;
                border-radius: 50px;
            }
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="box"></div>
</body>
</html>

loading动画

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>loading动画</title>
    <style type="text/css">
        .box{
            width: 300px;
            height: 125px;
            border: 1px solid #000;
            margin: 200px auto 0;
        }
        .box p{
            text-align: center;
            width: 100%;

        }
        .box div{
            width: 30px;
            height: 70px;
            float: left;
            background-color: gold;
            margin: 15px;
            border-radius: 10px;
        }
        .box div:nth-child(1){
            background-color: red;
            animation: loading 500ms ease 0s infinite alternate;
        }
        .box div:nth-child(2){
            background-color: green;
            animation: loading 500ms ease 100ms infinite alternate;
        }
        .box div:nth-child(3){
            background-color: pink;
            animation: loading 500ms ease 200ms infinite alternate;
        }
        .box div:nth-child(4){
            background-color: greenyellow;
            animation: loading 500ms ease 300ms infinite alternate;
        }
        .box div:nth-child(5){
            background-color: cyan;
            animation: loading 500ms ease 400ms infinite alternate;
        }
        @keyframes loading{
            from{
                transform: scaleY(1);
            }
            to{
                transform: scaleY(0.5);
            }
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="box">
        <div></div>
        <div></div>
        <div></div>
        <div></div>
        <div></div>
        <p>loading...</p>
    </div>
</body>
</html>
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