C++11 override
2020-04-27 本文已影响0人
Then丶
作用
在成员函数声明或定义中, override 确保该函数为虚函数并覆写来自基类的虚函数。
位置:函数调用运算符之后,函数体或纯虚函数标识 “= 0” 之前。
- 不使用override
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Base
{
public:
virtual void foo() { cout << "Base::foo" << endl; }
virtual void goo() { cout << "Base::goo" << endl; }
// ...
};
class Derived : public Base
{
public:
void foo() { cout << "Derived::foo" << endl; }
void gao() { cout << "Derived::goo" << endl; } // 错误的将goo写成了gao,但编译器并不会给出提示
// ...
};
int main(void)
{
Derived d;
d.foo(); // Derived::foo
d.goo(); // Base::goo 很明显,这不是我们想要的结果
return 0;
}
- 使用override
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Base
{
public:
virtual void foo()
{
cout << "Base::foo()" << endl;
}
virtual void bar()
{
cout << "Base::bar()" << endl;
}
void goo()
{
cout << "Base::goo()" << endl;
}
};
class Derived : public Base
{
public:
void foo() override // ok
{
cout << "Derived::foo()" << endl;
}
void foo() const override // error: Derived::foo does not override. signature mismatch.
{
cout << "Derived::foo()" << endl;
}
void goo() override // error: Base::goo is not virtual
{
cout << "Derived::goo()" << endl;
}
void bao() override // error: 将bar误写成了bao,且基类中无名为bao的虚函数,
{ // 由于使用了override,编译器会检测出此错误
cout << "Derived::bao()" << endl;
}
};
在派生类的成员函数中使用override时,如果基类中无此函数,或基类中的函数并不是虚函数,编译器会给出相关错误信息。