设计模式及在Android中的应用 - Builder模式

2017-06-18  本文已影响11人  chengjian666
【CSDN 同步发布:http://blog.csdn.net/riskychengallesgut/article/details/72618400
  1. 了解Builder模式:

将一个复杂对象的构建与它的表示分离,使得同样的构建过程可以创建不同的表示。
光看定义并不能理解究竟啥是Builder模式,通过一个具体的实例就会十分清晰。我们顶一个Person类,该Person类包含很多属性,比如name、age、gender、weight等,并且允许这些属性可以不设置,允许为空,则该类的定义如下:

public class Person {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private double height;
    private double weight;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public double getHeight() {
        return height;
    }

    public void setHeight(double height) {
        this.height = height;
    }

    public double getWeight() {
        return weight;
    }

    public void setWeight(double weight) {
        this.weight = weight;
    }
}

然后在使用实例化时,我们为了方便定义若干个构造方法:

public Person(String name, int age, double height, double weight) {
    this.name = name;
    this.age = age;
    this.height = height;
    this.weight = weight;
}

或者为了方便创建空对象,还会创建空的构造函数,并且还有可能需要传递部分参数,需要定义若干个差异化的构造函数,比如:

public Person(String name) {
    this.name = name;
}

public Person(String name, int age) {
    this.name = name;
    this.age = age;
}

public Person(String name, int age, double height) {
    this.name = name;
    this.age = age;
    this.height = height;
}

这样不可避免的坏处有:

  1. Builder模式引入

然后当我们采用Builder模式时,一切就都迎刃而解,先看代码:

public class Person {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private double height;
    private double weight;

    privatePerson(Builder builder) {
        this.name=builder.name;
        this.age=builder.age;
        this.height=builder.height;
        this.weight=builder.weight;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public double getHeight() {
        return height;
    }

    public void setHeight(double height) {
        this.height = height;
    }

    public double getWeight() {
        return weight;
    }

    public void setWeight(double weight) {
        this.weight = weight;
    }

    static class Builder{
        private String name;
        private int age;
        private double height;
        private double weight;
        public Builder name(String name){
            this.name=name;
            return this;
        }
        public Builder age(int age){
            this.age=age;
            return this;
        }
        public Builder height(double height){
            this.height=height;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder weight(double weight){
            this.weight=weight;
            return this;
        }

        public Person build(){
            return new Person(this);
        }
    }
}

关于以上代码,十分清晰,有如下需要注意的地方:

Person.Builder builder=new Person.Builder();
Person person=builder
        .name("张三")
        .age(18)
        .height(178.5)
        .weight(67.4)
        .build();
  1. Android中的应用

在Android中Builder模式有大量的应用,其中最常见的就是AlertDialog的创建:

AlertDialog.Builder builder=new AlertDialog.Builder(this);
    AlertDialog dialog=builder.setTitle("标题")
            .setIcon(android.R.drawable.ic_dialog_alert)
            .setView(R.layout.myview)
            .setPositiveButton(R.string.positive, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                @Override
                public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {

                }
            })
            .setNegativeButton(R.string.negative, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                @Override
                public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {

                }
            })
            .create();
dialog.show();

并且在各大框架中也有十分广泛的应用,对Builder进行总结:
λ 定义静态内部类Builder,其内部成员变量与外部类中的一样;
λ Builder类通过各方法进行成员变量的赋值,并且返回的是当前对象(Builder)本身,用以实现串联函数;
外部类的构造方法声明为私有,仅对内部类的Builder中的build函数生效。

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