iOS代码约束处理&&Masonry源码分析
iOS约束问题解决方法
1.NSLayoutConstraint类方法
通过VFL语句
VFL语句的写法总结:
如果是横向约束:
H: 开头
纵向:
V:开头
(假设要添加约束的对象是currentView)
如果想要与父类添加约束,
则:添加一个"|"
H:|
如果想要添加于某控件(leftView)之间的约束:直接写[该控件名称]
H:[leftView]
因此:
如果想要水平方向的,左边离父视图距离为5,写法为:
H:|-5-[currentView]
右边同理:
水平方向,左边距离父视图5,右边距离rightView为10
H:|-5-[currentView]-10-[rightView]
水平方向,左边距离leftView5像素,右边距离父视图为10
H:[leftView]-5-[currentView]-10-|
竖直方向同理
H(orizontal) 改为V(ertical)即可
通过类方法constraintWithItem
@param view1 指定需要添加约束的视图一
@param attr1 指定视图一需要约束的属性
@param relation 指定视图一和视图二添加约束的关系
@param view2 指定视图一依赖关系的视图二;可为nil
@param attr2 指定视图一所依赖的视图二的属性,若view2=nil,该属性设置 NSLayoutAttributeNotAnAttribute
@param multiplier 系数 情况一和二为亲测
情况一:设置A视图的高度 = A视图高度 * multiplier + constant;此时才会起作用;
情况二:设置A视图和其他视图的关系或 toItem=nil,multiplier设置不等于0即可,若等于0会crash;
@param c 常量
@return 返回生成的约束对象
+(instancetype)constraintWithItem:(id)view1 attribute:(NSLayoutAttribute)attr1 relatedBy:(NSLayoutRelation)relation toItem:(nullable id)view2 attribute:(NSLayoutAttribute)attr2 multiplier:(CGFloat)multiplier constant:(CGFloat)c;
eg:
[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:headerImageView attribute:(NSLayoutAttributeLeft) relatedBy:(NSLayoutRelationEqual) toItem:self.headerView attribute:(NSLayoutAttributeLeft) multiplier:1.0 constant:0];
2.第三方库Masonry
今天看了一下Masonry的处理:
总结一下:
Masonry说起来就是在NSLayoutConstraint类方法的上层做了些封装,
但是最重要的一点是:它支持链式语法
它给UIView和UIViewController都添加了category,
添加了一些属性,类型为MASViewAttribute,(类似override了类的上下左右等属性),
就是由于这一点,才支持的链式语法:
使用MASConstraintsMaker类
我们以mas_left
属性为例来看一下他的具体实现
- (MASViewAttribute *)mas_left {
return [[MASViewAttribute alloc] initWithView:self layoutAttribute:NSLayoutAttributeLeft];
}
我们可以看到:该类处理之后,仍然返回了一个MASViewAttribute类型的对象,也正是由于这一点,所以才可以实现:
make.left.right.height.width.equalTo(self.view).offset(spaceX);
前面这些属性的链式写法
再来看一下equalTo的实现:
- (MASConstraint * (^)(id))equalTo {
return ^id(id attribute) {
return self.equalToWithRelation(attribute, NSLayoutRelationEqual);
};
}
- (MASConstraint * (^)(id))mas_equalTo {
return ^id(id attribute) {
return self.equalToWithRelation(attribute, NSLayoutRelationEqual);
};
}
- (MASConstraint * (^)(id, NSLayoutRelation))equalToWithRelation { MASMethodNotImplemented(); }
我们可以看到.equalTo
和.mas_equalTo
底层实现都是一致的
/**
* Sets the constraint relation to given NSLayoutRelation
* returns a block which accepts one of the following:
* MASViewAttribute, UIView, NSValue, NSArray
* see readme for more details.
*/
- (MASConstraint * (^)(id, NSLayoutRelation))equalToWithRelation;
这个方法加上上面的.equalTo,都是通过Block传入数据,加一起,等于变向实现了苹果原生方法:
-constraintWithItem
,
param1,需要添加约束的视图:category传入self
param2. 需要的约束属性: 前面mas_xxx实现
param3. 视图一和视图二的约束关系: NSLayoutRelationEqual
param4. 视图一依赖的视图: 通过block传入
param5. 被依赖视图的属性:block传入,可以是MASViewAttribute, UIView, NSValue, NSArray中的一种
param6. 系数:
通过该方法传入
- (MASConstraint * (^)(CGFloat multiplier))multipliedBy { MASMethodNotImplemented(); }
param7. 数值:
通过该方法传入
- (MASConstraint * (^)(CGFloat))offset {
return ^id(CGFloat offset){
self.offset = offset;
return self;
};
}
由此可以看出,苹果原生NSLayoutAttribute约束方法需要的参数,都通过点语法都给拼接完成
插一句 .left
和mas_left
实现也是一致的
#define MAS_ATTR_FORWARD(attr) \
- (MASViewAttribute *)attr { \
return [self mas_##attr]; \
}
@interface MAS_VIEW (MASShorthandAdditions)
@property (nonatomic, strong, readonly) MASViewAttribute *left;
@implementation MAS_VIEW (MASShorthandAdditions)
MAS_ATTR_FORWARD(top);
MAS_ATTR_FORWARD(left);
可以看出来,.left
底层还是 调用的是mas_left
方法
然后在category中调用的时候,需要有一个统一的入口类,这里MASConstraintMaker类应运而生
@interface MASConstraintMaker : NSObject
/**
* The following properties return a new MASViewConstraint
* with the first item set to the makers associated view and the appropriate MASViewAttribute
*/
@property (nonatomic, strong, readonly) MASConstraint *left;
@property (nonatomic, strong, readonly) MASConstraint *top;
@property (nonatomic, strong, readonly) MASConstraint *right;
@property (nonatomic, strong, readonly) MASConstraint *bottom;
@property (nonatomic, strong, readonly) MASConstraint *leading;
@property (nonatomic, strong, readonly) MASConstraint *trailing;
@property (nonatomic, strong, readonly) MASConstraint *width;
@property (nonatomic, strong, readonly) MASConstraint *height;
@property (nonatomic, strong, readonly) MASConstraint *centerX;
@property (nonatomic, strong, readonly) MASConstraint *centerY;
@property (nonatomic, strong, readonly) MASConstraint *baseline;
@property (nonatomic, strong, readonly) MASConstraint *firstBaseline;
@property (nonatomic, strong, readonly) MASConstraint *lastBaseline;
#if TARGET_OS_IPHONE || TARGET_OS_TV
@property (nonatomic, strong, readonly) MASConstraint *leftMargin;
@property (nonatomic, strong, readonly) MASConstraint *rightMargin;
@property (nonatomic, strong, readonly) MASConstraint *topMargin;
@property (nonatomic, strong, readonly) MASConstraint *bottomMargin;
@property (nonatomic, strong, readonly) MASConstraint *leadingMargin;
@property (nonatomic, strong, readonly) MASConstraint *trailingMargin;
@property (nonatomic, strong, readonly) MASConstraint *centerXWithinMargins;
@property (nonatomic, strong, readonly) MASConstraint *centerYWithinMargins;
#endif
所以,在创建方法中
/**
* Creates a MASConstraintMaker with the callee view.
* Any constraints defined are added to the view or the appropriate superview once the block has finished executing
*
* @param block scope within which you can build up the constraints which you wish to apply to the view.
*
* @return Array of created MASConstraints
*/
- (NSArray *)mas_makeConstraints:(void(^)(MASConstraintMaker *make))block;
传入一个maker对象,我们就可以操作类的属性了。
self.view2 mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
make.left.equalTo(self.view1).offset(5);
}