第59天|耐力&力量【学鸟语谋生存】
原文摘自每日英语听力3.1内容“鸟类学习同伴语言保护自身安全”。

大意:研究者在“细尾鹩莺”生活的环境里先后播放两种鸟语(A和B),细尾鹩莺对A陌生,对B(危险信号)熟悉,因此对A没任何反应,对B作出避险反应。随后,研究者再播放A时,细尾鹩莺能作出对B的反应。也就是说,细尾鹩莺将A和B联系在了一起。研究者因此认为,细尾鹩莺具有学习同伴语言的能力。
试验过程如下:
They first played an alarm call that fairy wrens, an Australian bird, shouldn't be familiar with - a computer-generated alarm call meant to mimic a bird's.
As expected, the unfamiliar sound had no effect on the fairy wrens.
But then the researchers paired the synthetic call with a chorus of alarm calls the wrens would recognize.
And after this training, the sound of the initially unfamiliar synthetic call alone was enough to send the birds ducking "HA! " for cover.
1.找主干
加粗部分即句子主干。
2.逐句看
They first played an alarm call that fairy wrens, an Australian bird, shouldn't be familiar with - a computer-generated alarm call meant to mimic a bird's.
主干是:他们播放了声音。
问:什么声音?
答:1.alarm(惊恐);2.that fairy wrens, an Australian bird, shouldn't be familiar with(澳大利亚的细尾鹩莺不熟悉的);3.a computer-generated alarm call meant to mimic a bird's(电脑合成的某种鸟的惊恐声)
小结:他们播放了一种电脑合成的某种鸟的惊恐声,这种声音是澳大利亚的细尾鹩莺不熟悉的。
As expected, the unfamiliar sound had no effect on the fairy wrens.
主干是:声音没有影响。
问:什么声音?
答:unfamiliar(不熟悉的)
问:对什么没影响?
答:on the fairy wrens(对细尾鹩莺没影响)
小结:意料之中的是,这种不熟悉的声音对对细尾鹩莺没影响。
But then the researchers paired the synthetic call with a chorus of alarm calls the wrens would recognize.
主干是:研究者播放了对照组的声音。
问:对照组的声音是自然的吗?
答:synthetic(合成的)
问:怎么合成的?
答:with a chorus of alarm calls the wrens would recognize.(用细尾鹩莺能识别的一系列惊恐声)
小结:研究者播放了对照组的声音,这种声音是电脑用细尾鹩莺能识别的一系列惊恐声合成的。
And after this training, the sound of the initially unfamiliar synthetic call alone was enough to send the birds ducking "HA! " for cover.
主干:这声音已足够。
问:你说的是什么声音啊?
答:of the initially unfamiliar synthetic call(最初播放的不熟悉的合成声)
问:这声音足够怎样?
答:to send the birds ducking "HA! " for cover.(让鸟儿们迅速低头伴着发出“哈”的声音,去寻找遮蔽物。)
duck: 为避免被看见或打中而迅速地低下(头)或弯(腰)。
小结:在该训练之后,最初播放的不熟悉的合成声能够让鸟儿们迅速低头伴着发出“哈”的声音,去寻找遮蔽物。