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第59天|耐力&力量【学鸟语谋生存】

2019-03-01  本文已影响56人  八公里

原文摘自每日英语听力3.1内容“鸟类学习同伴语言保护自身安全”。

第59天|耐力&力量【学鸟语谋生存】

大意:研究者在“细尾鹩莺”生活的环境里先后播放两种鸟语(A和B),细尾鹩莺对A陌生,对B(危险信号)熟悉,因此对A没任何反应,对B作出避险反应。随后,研究者再播放A时,细尾鹩莺能作出对B的反应。也就是说,细尾鹩莺将A和B联系在了一起。研究者因此认为,细尾鹩莺具有学习同伴语言的能力。

试验过程如下:

They first played an alarm call that fairy wrens, an Australian bird, shouldn't be familiar with - a computer-generated alarm call meant to mimic a bird's.

As expected, the unfamiliar sound had no effect on the fairy wrens.

But then the researchers paired the synthetic call with a chorus of alarm calls the wrens would recognize.

And after this training, the sound of the initially unfamiliar synthetic call alone was enough to send the birds ducking "HA! " for cover.

1.找主干

加粗部分即句子主干。

2.逐句看

They first played an alarm call that fairy wrens, an Australian bird, shouldn't be familiar with - a computer-generated alarm call meant to mimic a bird's.

主干是:他们播放了声音。

问:什么声音?

答:1.alarm(惊恐);2.that fairy wrens, an Australian bird, shouldn't be familiar with(澳大利亚的细尾鹩莺不熟悉的);3.a computer-generated alarm call meant to mimic a bird's(电脑合成的某种鸟的惊恐声)

小结:他们播放了一种电脑合成的某种鸟的惊恐声,这种声音是澳大利亚的细尾鹩莺不熟悉的。

As expected, the unfamiliar sound had no effect on the fairy wrens.

主干是:声音没有影响。

问:什么声音?

答:unfamiliar(不熟悉的)

问:对什么没影响?

答:on the fairy wrens(对细尾鹩莺没影响)

小结:意料之中的是,这种不熟悉的声音对对细尾鹩莺没影响。

But then the researchers paired the synthetic call with a chorus of alarm calls the wrens would recognize.

主干是:研究者播放了对照组的声音。

问:对照组的声音是自然的吗?

答:synthetic(合成的)

问:怎么合成的?

答:with a chorus of alarm calls the wrens would recognize.(用细尾鹩莺能识别的一系列惊恐声)

小结:研究者播放了对照组的声音,这种声音是电脑用细尾鹩莺能识别的一系列惊恐声合成的。

And after this training, the sound of the initially unfamiliar synthetic call alone was enough to send the birds ducking "HA! " for cover.

主干:这声音已足够。

问:你说的是什么声音啊?

答:of the initially unfamiliar synthetic call(最初播放的不熟悉的合成声)

问:这声音足够怎样?

答:to send the birds ducking "HA! " for cover.(让鸟儿们迅速低头伴着发出“哈”的声音,去寻找遮蔽物。)

duck: 为避免被看见或打中而迅速地低下(头)或弯(腰)。

小结:在该训练之后,最初播放的不熟悉的合成声能够让鸟儿们迅速低头伴着发出“哈”的声音,去寻找遮蔽物。

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