iOS开发中的这些权限，你搞懂了吗？

2016-07-03 本文已影响20264人 Jack_lin

懵懂也是一种美

写在前面

APP开发避免不开系统权限的问题，如何在APP以更加友好的方式向用户展示系统权限，似乎也是开发过程中值得深思的一件事；
那如何提高APP获取iOS系统权限的通过率呢？有以下几种方式:1.在用户打开APP时就向用户请求权限；2.告知用户授权权限后能够获得好处之后，再向用户请求权限；3.在绝对必要的情况下才向用户请求权限，例如：用户访问照片库时请求访问系统相册权限；4.在展示系统权限的对话框前，先向用户显示自定义的对话框，若用户选择不允许，默认无操作，若用户选择允许，再展示系统对话框。
上述情况在开发过程中是经常遇到的，不同方式的选择会影响最后用户交互体验。这一点感悟正是源于上一周工作遇到的问题：适配iOS10，如何获取应用联网权限用以管理系统对话框的显示管理。当我把这个问题解决后，感觉有必要将常用的iOS系统权限做一个总结，以便后用。

权限分类

联网权限
相册权限
相机、麦克风权限
定位权限
推送权限
通讯录权限
日历、备忘录权限

联网权限

引入头文件 @import CoreTelephony;

应用启动后，检测应用中是否有联网权限

CTCellularData *cellularData = [[CTCellularData alloc]init];
cellularData.cellularDataRestrictionDidUpdateNotifier =  ^(CTCellularDataRestrictedState state){
  //获取联网状态
  switch (state) {
      case kCTCellularDataRestricted:
          NSLog(@"Restricrted");
          break;
      case kCTCellularDataNotRestricted:
          NSLog(@"Not Restricted");
          break;
      case kCTCellularDataRestrictedStateUnknown:
          NSLog(@"Unknown");
          break;
      default:
          break;
  };
};

查询应用是否有联网功能

CTCellularData *cellularData = [[CTCellularData alloc]init];
CTCellularDataRestrictedState state = cellularData.restrictedState;
 switch (state) {
  case kCTCellularDataRestricted:
      NSLog(@"Restricrted");
      break;
  case kCTCellularDataNotRestricted:
      NSLog(@"Not Restricted");
      break;
  case kCTCellularDataRestrictedStateUnknown:
      NSLog(@"Unknown");
      break;
  default:
      break;
}

相册权限--iOS 9.0之前

导入头文件@import AssetsLibrary;

检查是否有相册权限

 ALAuthorizationStatus status = [ALAssetsLibrary authorizationStatus];
switch (status) {
  case ALAuthorizationStatusAuthorized:
      NSLog(@"Authorized");
      break;
  case ALAuthorizationStatusDenied:
      NSLog(@"Denied");
      break;
  case ALAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:
      NSLog(@"not Determined");
      break;
  case ALAuthorizationStatusRestricted:
      NSLog(@"Restricted");
      break;
      
  default:
      break;
}

相册权限--iOS 8.0之后

导入头文件@import Photos;

检查是否有相册权限

PHAuthorizationStatus photoAuthorStatus = [PHPhotoLibrary authorizationStatus];
switch (photoAuthorStatus) {
  case PHAuthorizationStatusAuthorized:
      NSLog(@"Authorized");
      break;
  case PHAuthorizationStatusDenied:
      NSLog(@"Denied");
      break;
  case PHAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:
      NSLog(@"not Determined");
      break;
  case PHAuthorizationStatusRestricted:
      NSLog(@"Restricted");
      break;
  default:
      break;
}

![Uploading 144446-b8aca7ba38c5f8c0_695906.png . . .]获取相册权限

   [PHPhotoLibrary requestAuthorization:^(PHAuthorizationStatus status) {
    if (status == PHAuthorizationStatusAuthorized) {
        NSLog(@"Authorized");
    }else{
        NSLog(@"Denied or Restricted");
    }
    }];

相机和麦克风权限

导入头文件@import AVFoundation;

检查是否有相机或麦克风权限

AVAuthorizationStatus AVstatus = [AVCaptureDevice authorizationStatusForMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo];//相机权限
AVAuthorizationStatus AVstatus = [AVCaptureDevice authorizationStatusForMediaType:AVMediaTypeAudio];//麦克风权限

switch (AVstatus) {
  case AVAuthorizationStatusAuthorized:
      NSLog(@"Authorized");
      break;
  case AVAuthorizationStatusDenied:
      NSLog(@"Denied");
      break;
  case AVAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:
      NSLog(@"not Determined");
      break;
  case AVAuthorizationStatusRestricted:
      NSLog(@"Restricted");
      break;
  default:
      break;
}

获取相机或麦克风权限

[AVCaptureDevice requestAccessForMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo completionHandler:^(BOOL granted) {//相机权限
  if (granted) {
      NSLog(@"Authorized");
  }else{
      NSLog(@"Denied or Restricted");
  }
}];

[AVCaptureDevice requestAccessForMediaType:AVMediaTypeAudio completionHandler:^(BOOL granted) {//麦克风权限
  if (granted) {
      NSLog(@"Authorized");
  }else{
      NSLog(@"Denied or Restricted");
  }
}];

定位权限

导入头文件@import CoreLocation;
由于iOS8.0之后定位方法的改变，需要在info.plist中进行配置；

配置文件

检查是否有定位权限

 BOOL isLocation = [CLLocationManager locationServicesEnabled];
if (!isLocation) {
  NSLog(@"not turn on the location");
}
CLAuthorizationStatus CLstatus = [CLLocationManager authorizationStatus];
switch (CLstatus) {
  case kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedAlways:
      NSLog(@"Always Authorized");
      break;
  case kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedWhenInUse:
      NSLog(@"AuthorizedWhenInUse");
      break;
  case kCLAuthorizationStatusDenied:
      NSLog(@"Denied");
      break;
  case kCLAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:
      NSLog(@"not Determined");
      break;
  case kCLAuthorizationStatusRestricted:
      NSLog(@"Restricted");
      break;
  default:
      break;
}

获取定位权限

CLLocationManager *manager = [[CLLocationManager alloc] init];
[manager requestAlwaysAuthorization];//一直获取定位信息
[manager requestWhenInUseAuthorization];//使用的时候获取定位信息

在代理方法中查看权限是否改变

- (void)locationManager:(CLLocationManager *)manager didChangeAuthorizationStatus:(CLAuthorizationStatus)status{
 switch (status) {
  case kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedAlways:
      NSLog(@"Always Authorized");
      break;
  case kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedWhenInUse:
      NSLog(@"AuthorizedWhenInUse");
      break;
  case kCLAuthorizationStatusDenied:
      NSLog(@"Denied");
      break;
  case kCLAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:
      NSLog(@"not Determined");
      break;
  case kCLAuthorizationStatusRestricted:
      NSLog(@"Restricted");
      break;
  default:
      break;
  }

}

推送权限

检查是否有通讯权限

  UIUserNotificationSettings *settings = [[UIApplication sharedApplication] currentUserNotificationSettings];
switch (settings.types) {
  case UIUserNotificationTypeNone:
      NSLog(@"None");
      break;
  case UIUserNotificationTypeAlert:
      NSLog(@"Alert Notification");
      break;
  case UIUserNotificationTypeBadge:
      NSLog(@"Badge Notification");
      break;
  case UIUserNotificationTypeSound:
      NSLog(@"sound Notification'");
      break;
      
  default:
      break;
}

获取推送权限

UIUserNotificationSettings *setting = [UIUserNotificationSettings settingsForTypes:UIUserNotificationTypeSound | UIUserNotificationTypeAlert | UIUserNotificationTypeBadge categories:nil];
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] registerUserNotificationSettings:setting];

通讯录权限

iOS9.0之前

导入头文件 @import AddressBook;

检查是否有通讯录权限

 ABAuthorizationStatus ABstatus = ABAddressBookGetAuthorizationStatus();
switch (ABstatus) {
  case kABAuthorizationStatusAuthorized:
      NSLog(@"Authorized");
      break;
  case kABAuthorizationStatusDenied:
      NSLog(@"Denied'");
      break;
  case kABAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:
      NSLog(@"not Determined");
      break;
  case kABAuthorizationStatusRestricted:
      NSLog(@"Restricted");
      break;
  default:
      break;
}

获取通讯录权限

ABAddressBookRef addressBook = ABAddressBookCreateWithOptions(NULL, NULL);
ABAddressBookRequestAccessWithCompletion(addressBook, ^(bool granted, CFErrorRef error) {
  if (granted) {
      NSLog(@"Authorized");
      CFRelease(addressBook);
  }else{
      NSLog(@"Denied or Restricted");
  }
});

iOS9.0及以后

导入头文件 @import Contacts;
检查是否有通讯录权限

CNAuthorizationStatus status = [CNContactStore authorizationStatusForEntityType:CNEntityTypeContacts];
  switch (status) {
        case CNAuthorizationStatusAuthorized:
        {
            NSLog(@"Authorized:");
        }
            break;
        case CNAuthorizationStatusDenied:{
            NSLog(@"Denied");
        }
            break;
        case CNAuthorizationStatusRestricted:{
            NSLog(@"Restricted");
        }
            break;
        case CNAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:{
             NSLog(@"NotDetermined");
        }
            break;
            
       }

获取通讯录权限

CNContactStore *contactStore = [[CNContactStore alloc] init];
    [contactStore requestAccessForEntityType:CNEntityTypeContacts completionHandler:^(BOOL granted, NSError * _Nullable error) {
        if (granted) {
            
           NSLog(@"Authorized");
            
        }else{
            
           NSLog(@"Denied or Restricted");
        }
    }];

日历、备忘录权限

导入头文件

检查是否有日历或者备忘录权限

 typedef NS_ENUM(NSUInteger, EKEntityType) {
  EKEntityTypeEvent,//日历
  EKEntityTypeReminder //备忘
 };

EKAuthorizationStatus EKstatus = [EKEventStore  authorizationStatusForEntityType:EKEntityTypeEvent];
switch (EKstatus) {
  case EKAuthorizationStatusAuthorized:
      NSLog(@"Authorized");
      break;
  case EKAuthorizationStatusDenied:
      NSLog(@"Denied'");
      break;
  case EKAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:
      NSLog(@"not Determined");
      break;
  case EKAuthorizationStatusRestricted:
      NSLog(@"Restricted");
      break;
  default:
      break;
}

获取日历或备忘录权限

EKEventStore *store = [[EKEventStore alloc]init];
[store requestAccessToEntityType:EKEntityTypeEvent completion:^(BOOL granted, NSError * _Nullable error) {
  if (granted) {
      NSLog(@"Authorized");
  }else{
      NSLog(@"Denied or Restricted");
  }
}];

最后一点

素有获取权限的方法，多用于用户第一次操作应用，iOS 8.0之后，将这些设置都整合在一起，并且可以开启或关闭相应的权限。所有的权限都可以通过下面的方法打开：
```
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:[NSURL URLWithString:UIApplicationOpenSettingsURLString]];
```

上述的权限多为经常用到的权限，当然不会很全面，大家如有需要其他的权限，可以在下方评论，我会及时加上去的。
希望这篇文章能够给大家的开发带来一些便利。

更新记录：2016.9.22添加iOS9.0以后访问通讯录权限；

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