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Spring Boot 静态资源文件配置

2018-12-28  本文已影响0人  胖先森

Spring Boot 静态资源文件配置

说在前面的话:

由于 Spring Boot 采用了”约定优于配置”这种规范,所以在使用静态资源的时候也很简单。

SpringBoot本质上是为微服务而生的,以JAR的形式启动运行,但是有时候静态资源的访问是必不可少的,比如:image、js、css 等资源的访问

1.webjars配置静态路径

简单了解即可,感觉实用性不大,

public class WebMvcAutoConfiguration {
         public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
            if (!this.resourceProperties.isAddMappings()) {
                logger.debug("Default resource handling disabled");
            } else {
                Duration cachePeriod = this.resourceProperties.getCache().getPeriod();
                CacheControl cacheControl = this.resourceProperties.getCache().getCachecontrol().toHttpCacheControl();
                if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern("/webjars/**")) {
                    this.customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(registry.addResourceHandler(new String[]{"/webjars/**"}).addResourceLocations(new String[]{"classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/"}).setCachePeriod(this.getSeconds(cachePeriod)).setCacheControl(cacheControl));
                }

                String staticPathPattern = this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern();
                if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern(staticPathPattern)) {
                    this.customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(registry.addResourceHandler(new String[]{staticPathPattern}).addResourceLocations(getResourceLocations(this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations())).setCachePeriod(this.getSeconds(cachePeriod)).setCacheControl(cacheControl));
                }

            }
        }
}

代码分析: 所有 /webjars/**,都去classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/找资源;webjars:以jar包的方式引入静态资源; webjars提供的依赖官网

image
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
    <artifactId>jquery</artifactId>
    <version>1.12.4</version>
</dependency>
image

启动服务,测试访问静态地址http://127.0.0.1:8001/hp/webjars/jquery/1.12.4/jquery.js

2.默认静态资源路径

@ConfigurationProperties(
    prefix = "spring.resources",
    ignoreUnknownFields = false
)
public class ResourceProperties {
    private static final String[] CLASSPATH_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS = new String[]{"classpath:/META-INF/resources/", "classpath:/resources/", "classpath:/static/", "classpath:/public/"};
    private String[] staticLocations;
    private boolean addMappings;
    private final ResourceProperties.Chain chain;
    private final ResourceProperties.Cache cache;

    public ResourceProperties() {
        this.staticLocations = CLASSPATH_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS;
        this.addMappings = true;
        this.chain = new ResourceProperties.Chain();
        this.cache = new ResourceProperties.Cache();
    }

    public String[] getStaticLocations() {
        return this.staticLocations;
    }
}

摘抄了部分源码,算是为了增加篇幅,从上述代码中我们可以看到,提供了几种默认的配置方式

classpath:/static
classpath:/public
classpath:/resources
classpath:/META-INF/resources
备注说明: "/"=>当前项目的根路径

我们在src/main/resources目录下新建 public、resources、static 、META-INF等目录目录,并分别放入 1.jpg 2.jpg 3.jpg 4.jpg 5.jpg 五张图片。

image

注意:需要排除webjars的形式,将pom.xml中的代码去掉,在进行测试结果结果如下

image

3.新增静态资源路径

我们在spring.resources.static-locations后面追加一个配置classpath:/os/

# 静态文件请求匹配方式
spring.mvc.static-path-pattern=/**
# 修改默认的静态寻址资源目录 多个使用逗号分隔
spring.resources.static-locations = classpath:/META-INF/resources/,classpath:/resources/,classpath:/static/,classpath:/public/,classpath:/os/

4.自定义静态资源映射

在实际开发中,我们可能需要自定义静态资源访问以及上传路径,特别是文件上传,不可能上传的运行的JAR服务中,那么可以通过继承WebMvcConfigurerAdapter来实现自定义路径映射。

application.properties 文件配置:

# 图片音频上传路径配置(win系统自行变更本地路径)
web.upload.path=D:/upload/attr/

Demo05BootApplication.java 启动配置:

package com.hanpang;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ResourceHandlerRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer;

@SpringBootApplication
public class Demo05BootApplication implements WebMvcConfigurer {
    private final static Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Demo05BootApplication.class);

    @Value("${web.upload.path}")
    private String uploadPath;

    @Override
    public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
        registry.addResourceHandler("/uploads/**").addResourceLocations(
                "file:" + uploadPath);
        LOGGER.info("自定义静态资源目录、此处功能用于文件映射");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        
        SpringApplication.run(Demo05BootApplication.class, args);
    }

}

5.设置欢迎界面

依然从源码出手来解决这个问题

public class WebMvcAutoConfiguration {
            private Optional<Resource> getWelcomePage() {
            String[] locations = getResourceLocations(this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations());
            return Arrays.stream(locations).map(this::getIndexHtml).filter(this::isReadable).findFirst();
        }

        private Resource getIndexHtml(String location) {
            return this.resourceLoader.getResource(location + "index.html");
        }
}

5.1 直接设置静态默认页面

欢迎页; 静态资源文件夹下的所有index.html页面,被"/**"映射;

image

5.2 增加控制器的方式

5.3 设置默认的View跳转页面

6. Favicon设置

 @Configuration
        @ConditionalOnProperty(
            value = {"spring.mvc.favicon.enabled"},
            matchIfMissing = true
        )
        public static class FaviconConfiguration implements ResourceLoaderAware {
            private final ResourceProperties resourceProperties;
            private ResourceLoader resourceLoader;

            public FaviconConfiguration(ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {
                this.resourceProperties = resourceProperties;
            }

            public void setResourceLoader(ResourceLoader resourceLoader) {
                this.resourceLoader = resourceLoader;
            }

            @Bean
            public SimpleUrlHandlerMapping faviconHandlerMapping() {
                SimpleUrlHandlerMapping mapping = new SimpleUrlHandlerMapping();
                mapping.setOrder(-2147483647);
                mapping.setUrlMap(Collections.singletonMap("**/favicon.ico", this.faviconRequestHandler()));
                return mapping;
            }

            @Bean
            public ResourceHttpRequestHandler faviconRequestHandler() {
                ResourceHttpRequestHandler requestHandler = new ResourceHttpRequestHandler();
                requestHandler.setLocations(this.resolveFaviconLocations());
                return requestHandler;
            }

            private List<Resource> resolveFaviconLocations() {
                String[] staticLocations = WebMvcAutoConfiguration.WebMvcAutoConfigurationAdapter.getResourceLocations(this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations());
                List<Resource> locations = new ArrayList(staticLocations.length + 1);
                Stream var10000 = Arrays.stream(staticLocations);
                ResourceLoader var10001 = this.resourceLoader;
                var10001.getClass();
                var10000.map(var10001::getResource).forEach(locations::add);
                locations.add(new ClassPathResource("/"));
                return Collections.unmodifiableList(locations);
            }
        }

SpringBoot 默认是开启Favicon,并且提供了一个默认的Favicon,如果想关闭Favicon,只需要在application.properties中添加

spring.mvc.favicon.enabled=false

如果想更改Favicon,只需要将自己的Favicon.ico(文件名不能改动),放置到类路径根目录、类路径META_INF/resources/下、类路径resources/下、类路径static/下或者类路径public/下。

5.附录

A.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter过时

在Springboot中配置WebMvcConfigurerAdapter的时候发现这个类过时了。所以看了下源码,发现官方在spring5弃用了WebMvcConfigurerAdapter,因为springboot2.0使用的spring5,所以会出现过时。

WebMvcConfigurerAdapter已经过时,在新版本中被废弃,以下是比较常用的重写接口:

/** 解决跨域问题 **/
public void addCorsMappings(CorsRegistry registry) ;
/** 添加拦截器 **/
void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry);
/** 这里配置视图解析器 **/
void configureViewResolvers(ViewResolverRegistry registry);
/** 配置内容裁决的一些选项 **/
void configureContentNegotiation(ContentNegotiationConfigurer configurer);
/** 视图跳转控制器 **/
void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry);
/** 静态资源处理 **/
void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry);
/** 默认静态资源处理器 **/
void configureDefaultServletHandling(DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer configurer);

方案1:直接实现WebMvcConfigurer

@Configuration
public class WebMvcConfg implements WebMvcConfigurer {
    @Override
    public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
        registry.addViewController("/index").setViewName("index");
    }
}

方案2:直接继承WebMvcConfigurationSupport

@Configuration
public class WebMvcConfg extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {
    @Override
    public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
        registry.addViewController("/index").setViewName("index");
    }
}

其实,源码下WebMvcConfigurerAdapter是实现WebMvcConfigurer接口,所以直接实现WebMvcConfigurer接口也可以;WebMvcConfigurationSupport与WebMvcConfigurerAdapter、接口WebMvcConfigurer处于同一个目录下WebMvcConfigurationSupport包含WebMvcConfigurer里面的方法,由此看来版本中应该是推荐使用WebMvcConfigurationSupport类的,WebMvcConfigurationSupport应该是新版本中对WebMvcConfigurerAdapter的替换和扩展

B.关于加载目录问题

// 可以直接使用addResourceLocations 指定磁盘绝对路径,同样可以配置多个位置,注意路径写法需要加上file:
registry.addResourceHandler("/myimgs/**").addResourceLocations("file:H:/myimgs/");
// 访问myres根目录下的fengjing.jpg 的URL为 http://localhost:8080/fengjing.jpg (/** 会覆盖系统默认的配置)
registry.addResourceHandler("/**").addResourceLocations("classpath:/myres/").addResourceLocations("classpath:/static/");
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