Follow the trendlines
第七段
To be sure, not everything gets better for everyone everywhere all the time. Progress is the fruit of human ingenuity deployed to solve problems. Problems are inevitable, and solutions create new problems, which must be solved in their turn. Nor are solutions to the biggest problems, particularly climate change, guaranteed.
段落大意
并不是任何时期任何地点任何人群都能变得更好。进步是人类在解决问题时的智慧结晶。整句话的意思是不是一直都会有新问题,解决问题也有可能创造新问题,要依次解决。很多方法都不能保证解决问题,特别是气候变化。
语言点
1. to be sure: used for admitting that something is true, before you say something that seems to be the opposite of this. 和certainly 同义。
2. in their turn: one after the other in an order that has been agreed or officially decided.
段落首句everyone,everywhere,everytime押韵,可以直接背诵
第八段
A major worry today is that the rise of authoritarian populism threatens progress. Yet here too the headlines made by tweeting populists may not be a weather vane for the prevailing winds. Today’s ardent populists tend to be rural, less educated, religious, white and members of the early baby-boom generation. But demography will make tomorrow’s electorate more urban, educated, secular, ethnically diverse and millennial. Also, isolationism and militant nationalism may be engulfed by the unstoppable tide of globalisation. The problems facing individual countries—migration, pandemics, terrorism, cybercrime, nuclear proliferation, rogue states, the environment—will increasingly require international solutions.
段落大意
如今最大的威胁是民粹主义的抬头。这也是在推特上发送民粹主义相关话题不能成为风向标的原因。如今狂热的民粹主义者大部分是农村的,受教育程度低的,信教的,白人,以及早育者。不过人口学(证明)会使将来的选民更多来自城市,受教育,无宗教信仰,(支持)种族多样化。此外,孤立主义和极端民族主义可能会被不停歇的全球化浪潮淹没。独立国家面对的问题将会增加对国际解决方案的要求。
语言点
1. authoritarian: 民粹主义。
意指平民论者所拥护的政治与经济理念。该理念拥护平民掌控政治,反对精英或贵族掌控政治。在标榜人民主权的政治体制中,政治家总是声称“代表”人民,因而从这个最基本的意义上说,他们都是“民粹主义者”。民粹主义承诺改变了大众的福利预期,加大了对政府的依赖,也放松了自己的奋斗决心,是效果极其负面的腐蚀剂。致命问题是,一旦大众的福利预期得不到满足,社会心理很快发生逆转,并形成蔑视权威、拒绝变革和仇视成功者的强烈氛围。与此同时,超出收入能力的过度财政负债和福利主义相应成为一种习惯,这种习惯在政府和民间相互影响。
2. a weather vane 风向标; prevailing winds 风向 这两个词在此都是引申义,可以成组记。
3. isolationism 孤立主义
孤立主义,是一种外交政策。它通常由防务和经济上的两方面政策组成。在防务上,孤立主义采取不干涉原则,即除自卫战争外不主动卷入任何外部军事冲突;在经济文化上,通过立法最大程度限制与国外的贸易和文化交流。
militant nationalism 极端民族主义
极端民族主义乃源自对世界主义(世界大同主义)的厌恶。“民族主义情绪在这里是指在政治上特别强调用牺牲其他国家的利益和不顾其他价值观念,如戒绝杀戮,遵守国际法以及通过双边或多边条约维持国际合作,以此寻求本民族的利益。”
4. be engulfed by the unstoppable tide of sth engulfe 淹没,tide 浪潮 ;可形容某人(或群体)或某物(现象)被某种现象的不能阻挡的浪潮所淹没。例如铁饭碗被市场经济浪潮淹没就可以说 The occupation with guaranteed job security had been engulfed by the unstoppable tide of market economy.